IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i13p4907-d855848.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Use before You Choose: What Do EV Drivers Think about V2G after Experiencing It?

Author

Listed:
  • Rishabh Ghotge

    (Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Koen Philippe Nijssen

    (Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Jan Anne Annema

    (Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands)

  • Zofia Lukszo

    (Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands)

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the consumer acceptance of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) charging of electric vehicle (EV) drivers. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first V2G acceptance study that is based on actual users’ experience of V2G charging. A test set up with a V2G charge point at a solar carport was constructed at the Delft University of Technology. Seventeen participants in the study were given access to a V2G-compatible Nissan LEAF and the constructed V2G charging facilities, after which they were interviewed. Clear communication of the impacts of V2G charging cycles on EV batteries, financial compensation covering these impacts, real-time insight on the battery state-of-charge and the ability to set operational parameters through a user-friendly interface were all found to foster acceptance. The main barriers for acceptance were the uncertainty associated with battery state-of-charge, the increased need for planning charging and trips, the increased anxiety about the ability of the vehicle to reach its destination, economic and performance-related effects on the EV’s battery and the restriction of the freedom that users associated with their personal vehicles. The participants were found to be divided across high, conditional and low acceptance of V2G charging. The use of V2G charging over the trial period was found to inform their opinions: tangible factors such as range anxiety and the user interface were given more importance than abstract concepts such as lack of standards that were discussed by users without experience of V2G charging. Our study indicates that V2G charging in its current form is acceptable to a section of current EV users. The discussion provides insights on extending the relevance of our findings across other user groups and over further developments in the field.

Suggested Citation

  • Rishabh Ghotge & Koen Philippe Nijssen & Jan Anne Annema & Zofia Lukszo, 2022. "Use before You Choose: What Do EV Drivers Think about V2G after Experiencing It?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-22, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:13:p:4907-:d:855848
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/13/4907/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/13/4907/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hidrue, Michael K. & Parsons, George R. & Kempton, Willett & Gardner, Meryl P., 2011. "Willingness to pay for electric vehicles and their attributes," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 686-705, September.
    2. Huang, Bing & Meijssen, Aart Gerard & Annema, Jan Anne & Lukszo, Zofia, 2021. "Are electric vehicle drivers willing to participate in vehicle-to-grid contracts? A context-dependent stated choice experiment," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    3. Shaheen, Susan A & Martin, Elliot & Lipman, Timothy E, 2008. "Dynamics in Behavioral Response to Fuel-Cell Vehicle Fleet and Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt0pk0008g, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    4. Ajzen, Icek, 1991. "The theory of planned behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 179-211, December.
    5. Noel, Lance & Papu Carrone, Andrea & Jensen, Anders Fjendbo & Zarazua de Rubens, Gerardo & Kester, Johannes & Sovacool, Benjamin K., 2019. "Willingness to pay for electric vehicles and vehicle-to-grid applications: A Nordic choice experiment," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 525-534.
    6. Bunce, Louise & Harris, Margaret & Burgess, Mark, 2014. "Charge up then charge out? Drivers’ perceptions and experiences of electric vehicles in the UK," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 278-287.
    7. Kester, Johannes & Noel, Lance & Zarazua de Rubens, Gerardo & Sovacool, Benjamin K., 2018. "Promoting Vehicle to Grid (V2G) in the Nordic region: Expert advice on policy mechanisms for accelerated diffusion," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 422-432.
    8. Parsons, George R. & Hidrue, Michael K. & Kempton, Willett & Gardner, Meryl P., 2014. "Willingness to pay for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) electric vehicles and their contract terms," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 313-324.
    9. Gschwendtner, Christine & Sinsel, Simon R. & Stephan, Annegret, 2021. "Vehicle-to-X (V2X) implementation: An overview of predominate trial configurations and technical, social and regulatory challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    10. Shaheen, Susan & Martin, Elliot & Lipman, Timothy, 2008. "Dynamics in Behavioral Response to Fuel-Cell Vehicle Fleet and Hydrogen Infrastructure: An Exploratory Study," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt3q27s89h, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    11. Geske, Joachim & Schumann, Diana, 2018. "Willing to participate in vehicle-to-grid (V2G)? Why not!," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 392-401.
    12. Kubli, Merla & Loock, Moritz & Wüstenhagen, Rolf, 2018. "The flexible prosumer: Measuring the willingness to co-create distributed flexibility," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 540-548.
    13. Hardman, Scott & Shiu, Eric & Steinberger-Wilckens, Robert, 2016. "Comparing high-end and low-end early adopters of battery electric vehicles," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 40-57.
    14. Noel, Lance & Zarazua de Rubens, Gerardo & Kester, Johannes & Sovacool, Benjamin K., 2019. "Navigating expert skepticism and consumer distrust: Rethinking the barriers to vehicle-to-grid (V2G) in the Nordic region," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 67-77.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gschwendtner, Christine & Sinsel, Simon R. & Stephan, Annegret, 2021. "Vehicle-to-X (V2X) implementation: An overview of predominate trial configurations and technical, social and regulatory challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    2. Huang, Bing & Meijssen, Aart Gerard & Annema, Jan Anne & Lukszo, Zofia, 2021. "Are electric vehicle drivers willing to participate in vehicle-to-grid contracts? A context-dependent stated choice experiment," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    3. Mehdizadeh, Milad & Nordfjaern, Trond & Klöckner, Christian A., 2023. "Estimating financial compensation and minimum guaranteed charge for vehicle-to-grid technology," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    4. Philip, Thara & Whitehead, Jake & Prato, Carlo G., 2023. "Adoption of electric vehicles in a laggard, car-dependent nation: Investigating the potential influence of V2G and broader energy benefits on adoption," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    5. Will, Christian & Lehmann, Nico & Baumgartner, Nora & Feurer, Sven & Jochem, Patrick & Fichtner, Wolf, 2022. "Consumer understanding and evaluation of carbon-neutral electric vehicle charging services," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    6. Cohen, Jed & Azarova, Valeriya & Kollmann, Andrea & Reichl, Johannes, 2019. "Q-complementarity in household adoption of photovoltaics and electricity-intensive goods: The case of electric vehicles," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 567-577.
    7. David Borge-Diez & Pedro Miguel Ortega-Cabezas & Antonio Colmenar-Santos & Jorge Juan Blanes-Peiró, 2021. "Contribution of Driving Efficiency to Vehicle-to-Building," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-30, June.
    8. Krzysztof Zagrajek, 2021. "A Survey Data Approach for Determining the Probability Values of Vehicle-to-Grid Service Provision," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-38, November.
    9. Elena Higueras-Castillo & Sebastian Molinillo & J. Andres Coca-Stefaniak & Francisco Liébana-Cabanillas, 2020. "Potential Early Adopters of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles in Spain—Towards a Customer Profile," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-18, May.
    10. Bansal, Prateek & Kumar, Rajeev Ranjan & Raj, Alok & Dubey, Subodh & Graham, Daniel J., 2021. "Willingness to pay and attitudinal preferences of Indian consumers for electric vehicles," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    11. Khardenavis, Amaiya & Hewage, Kasun & Perera, Piyaruwan & Shotorbani, Amin Mohammadpour & Sadiq, Rehan, 2021. "Mobile energy hub planning for complex urban networks: A robust optimization approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    12. Mohamed, Moataz & Higgins, Chris & Ferguson, Mark & Kanaroglou, Pavlos, 2016. "Identifying and characterizing potential electric vehicle adopters in Canada: A two-stage modelling approach," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 100-112.
    13. Fanchao Liao & Eric Molin & Bert van Wee, 2017. "Consumer preferences for electric vehicles: a literature review," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(3), pages 252-275, May.
    14. Greaker, Mads & Hagem, Cathrine & Proost, Stef, 2022. "An economic model of vehicle-to-grid: Impacts on the electricity market and consumer cost of electric vehicles," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    15. Priessner, Alfons & Hampl, Nina, 2020. "Can product bundling increase the joint adoption of electric vehicles, solar panels and battery storage? Explorative evidence from a choice-based conjoint study in Austria," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    16. Mohamed, Moataz & Higgins, Christopher D. & Ferguson, Mark & Réquia, Weeberb J., 2018. "The influence of vehicle body type in shaping behavioural intention to acquire electric vehicles: A multi-group structural equation approach," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 54-72.
    17. Tan, Yang & Fukuda, Hiroatsu & Li, Zhang & Wang, Shuai & Gao, Weijun & Liu, Zhonghui, 2022. "Does the public support the construction of battery swapping station for battery electric vehicles? - Data from Hangzhou, China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    18. Huang, Youlin & Qian, Lixian, 2021. "Consumer adoption of electric vehicles in alternative business models," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    19. Petschnig, Martin & Heidenreich, Sven & Spieth, Patrick, 2014. "Innovative alternatives take action – Investigating determinants of alternative fuel vehicle adoption," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 68-83.
    20. Fridgen, Gilbert & Keller, Robert & Körner, Marc-Fabian & Schöpf, Michael, 2020. "A holistic view on sector coupling," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:13:p:4907-:d:855848. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.