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Who truly bears (bank) taxes? Evidence from only shifting statutory incidence

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  • Jiménez, Gabriel
  • Martinez-Miera, David
  • Peydró, José-Luis

Abstract

We analyze the effects of only shifting the statutory incidence of taxes by exploiting: (i) a mortgage tax shift from being levied on borrowers to being levied on banks, without tax rate changes; (ii) some areas –for historical reasons– being tax-exempt (or having different tax rates); and (iii) administrative data. After the shift, the average mortgage rate increases, less for households with more banking opportunities or with higher income. The tax pass-through is nonexistent for high-income households, but complete for low-income households. Consistently, banks’ risk-taking increases, especially by more policy-affected banks. Results are consistent with a model in which all borrowers have tax saliency issues and differ in their bargaining power vis-à-vis the lender. Overall, the evidence is inconsistent with the irrelevance of statutory incidence and suggests unintended consequences on inequality and banks’ risk-taking.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiménez, Gabriel & Martinez-Miera, David & Peydró, José-Luis, 2024. "Who truly bears (bank) taxes? Evidence from only shifting statutory incidence," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:pubeco:v:240:y:2024:i:c:s0047272724001099
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105173
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Tax pass-through; Tax incidence; banks; Inequality; Risk-taking; Mortgages;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G51 - Financial Economics - - Household Finance - - - Household Savings, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth
    • H22 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Incidence

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