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Using GIS tools to estimate CO2 emissions related to the accessibility of large retail stores in the Oulu region, Finland

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  • Määttä-Juntunen, Heidi
  • Antikainen, Harri
  • Kotavaara, Ossi
  • Rusanen, Jarmo

Abstract

Everyday traffic accounts for a significant share of overall greenhouse gas emissions, in particular carbon dioxide (CO2). While several solutions have been proposed for decreasing the emissions, a new kind of land use planning is required in order to achieve long-term effects. This study focuses on the effect of large retail store locations in the urban structure on overall CO2 emissions, by using the Oulu region, Finland, as a case study. The aim was to utilize GIS tools to assess store locations in terms of CO2 emissions from private cars used for consumer traffic. In this case, not only are the locations of the existing and planned retail units investigated with respect to population distribution and car ownership, but the analysis is also carried out by regarding any location within the study area as a hypothetical site for a large retail unit. According to the applied method, CO2 values are lowest near the centre of the studied region, the region with the highest population density, although the city centre itself did not turn out to be the most optimal location for a retail store in terms of CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, by generally reducing trip length, a compact urban structure is an important way of achieving long-term cuts in CO2 emissions.

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  • Määttä-Juntunen, Heidi & Antikainen, Harri & Kotavaara, Ossi & Rusanen, Jarmo, 2011. "Using GIS tools to estimate CO2 emissions related to the accessibility of large retail stores in the Oulu region, Finland," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 346-354.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:19:y:2011:i:2:p:346-354
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2010.03.001
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    1. Carling, Kenneth & Håkansson, Johan & Rudholm, Niklas, 2012. "Optimal retail location and CO2 emissions," HUI Working Papers 76, HUI Research.
    2. Yrjänä, Laura & Rashidfarokhi, Anahita & Toivonen, Saija & Viitanen, Kauko, 2018. "Looking at retail planning policy through a sustainability lens: Evidence from policy discourse in Finland," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 190-198.
    3. Kinigadner, Julia & Büttner, Benjamin & Wulfhorst, Gebhard & Vale, David, 2020. "Planning for low carbon mobility: Impacts of transport interventions and location on carbon-based accessibility," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    4. Jia, Tao & Carling, Kenneth & Håkansson, Johan, 2013. "Trips and their CO2 emissions to and from a shopping center," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 135-145.
    5. Carling, Kenneth & HÃ¥kansson, Johan & Jia, Tao, 2013. "Out-of-town shopping and its induced CO2-emissions," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 20(4), pages 382-388.
    6. Salonen, Maria & Toivonen, Tuuli, 2013. "Modelling travel time in urban networks: comparable measures for private car and public transport," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 143-153.
    7. Jia, Tao & Carling, Kenneth & Håkansson, Johan, 2013. "Trips and Their CO2-Emissions Induced by a Shopping Center," HUI Working Papers 88, HUI Research.
    8. Carling, Kenneth & Håkansson, Johan & Jia, Tao, 2013. "Out-of-Town Shopping and Its Induced CO2-Emissions," HUI Working Papers 87, HUI Research.
    9. Hrelja, Robert, 2019. "Cars. Problematisations, measures and blind spots in local transport and land use policy," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    10. Kinigadner, Julia & Büttner, Benjamin, 2021. "How accessibility instruments contribute to a low carbon mobility transition: Lessons from planning practice in the Munich region," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 157-167.
    11. Roberto Rendeiro Martín-Cejas & Rafael Suárez Vega & Pedro Pablo Ramírez Sánchez, 2021. "GIS Approach Applied to Tourist Bus Route Design on Lanzarote Island," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-16, September.

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