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Pattern of global cyber war and crime: A conceptual framework

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  • Kshetri, Nir

Abstract

The flourishing synergy arising between organized crimes and the Internet has increased the insecurity of the digital world. How hackers frame their actions? What factors encourage and energize their behavior? These are very important but highly underresearched questions. We draw upon literatures on psychology, economics, international relation and warfare to propose a framework that addresses these questions. We found that countries across the world differ in terms of regulative, normative and cognitive legitimacy to different types of web attacks. Cyber wars and crimes are also functions of the stocks of hacking skills relative to the availability of economic opportunities. An attacking unit's selection criteria for the target network include symbolic significance and criticalness, degree of digitization of values and weakness in defense mechanisms. Managerial and policy implications are discussed and directions for future research are suggested.

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  • Kshetri, Nir, 2005. "Pattern of global cyber war and crime: A conceptual framework," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 11(4), pages 541-562, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:intman:v:11:y:2005:i:4:p:541-562
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    2. Cuervo-Cazurra, Alvaro & Dieleman, Marleen & Hirsch, Paul & Rodrigues, Suzana B. & Zyglidopoulos, Stelios, 2021. "Multinationals’ misbehavior," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 56(5).
    3. Straub, Jeremy, 2016. "Consideration of the use of autonomous, non-recallable unmanned vehicles and programs as a deterrent or threat by state actors and others," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 39-47.
    4. Yadong Luo, 2022. "A general framework of digitization risks in international business," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 53(2), pages 344-361, March.
    5. Arayankalam, Jithesh & Krishnan, Satish, 2021. "Relating foreign disinformation through social media, domestic online media fractionalization, government's control over cyberspace, and social media-induced offline violence: Insights from the agenda," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    6. Margit Schratzenstaller, 2018. "Implikationen der Digitalisierung für den öffentlichen Sektor," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 91(12), pages 863-869, December.

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