IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecmode/v152y2025ics026499932500286x.html

Does digital inclusive finance promote innovation? Evidence from China

Author

Listed:
  • Liu, Xinran
  • Si, Deng-Kui

Abstract

The deep integration of inclusive finance with digital technologies emerges as a crucial force for bridging service gaps, expanding financial access to underserved populations, and fostering sustainable economic growth. This paper utilizes the data from 270 cities in China spanning 2011 to 2022 to investigate the impacts of digital inclusive financial development on technological innovation. The results show that digital inclusive finance significantly promotes technological innovation, mainly driven by enhancing credit availability, improving resource allocation efficiency, and optimizing the consumption structure. The heterogeneity results reveal that this effect is pronounced in cities characterized by advanced marketization, high internet penetration, high human capital, and strong intellectual property protection. This paper contributes to facilitating coordinated urban development and provides practical significance for accelerating the digital convergence of metropolitan production networks.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Xinran & Si, Deng-Kui, 2025. "Does digital inclusive finance promote innovation? Evidence from China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecmode:v:152:y:2025:i:c:s026499932500286x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2025.107291
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026499932500286X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.econmod.2025.107291?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shuming Ren & Lianqing Li & Yueqi Han & Yu Hao & Haitao Wu, 2022. "The emerging driving force of inclusive green growth: Does digital economy agglomeration work?," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(4), pages 1656-1678, May.
    2. Ma, Kelin, 2023. "Digital inclusive finance and corporate green technology innovation," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PB).
    3. Corinne A. Coen & Catherine A. Maritan, 2011. "Investing in Capabilities: The Dynamics of Resource Allocation," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 22(1), pages 99-117, February.
    4. Si, Deng-Kui & Liu, Guanchun, 2025. "How does capital market liberalization shape corporate shadow banking? Evidence from China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    5. Kong, Dongmin & Zhao, Ying & Liu, Shasha, 2021. "Trust and innovation: Evidence from CEOs' early-life experience," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    6. Yan, Zichun & Wang, Yuqi & Zhang, Jingjia & Ma, He, 2024. "Technology transfer and global value chain upgrading of manufacturing firms: Evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PB).
    7. Kong, Dongmin & Kong, Gaowen & Liu, Shasha & Zhu, Ling, 2022. "Does competition cause government decentralization? The case of state-owned enterprises," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(4), pages 1103-1122.
    8. Xie, Qichang & Ma, Di & Raza, Muhammad Yousaf & Tang, Songlin & Bai, Dingchuan, 2023. "Toward carbon peaking and neutralization: The heterogeneous stochastic convergence of CO2 emissions and the role of digital inclusive finance," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    9. Si, Deng-Kui & Wang, Meng & Ding, Hui, 2023. "Capital account liberalization and corporate maturity mismatch: The role of bank competition," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    10. Leonid Kogan & Dimitris Papanikolaou & Amit Seru & Noah Stoffman, 2017. "Technological Innovation, Resource Allocation, and Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 132(2), pages 665-712.
    11. repec:osf:socarx:7sr5c_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Du, Yanan & Wang, Qingxi & Zhou, Jianping, 2023. "How does digital inclusive finance affect economic resilience: Evidence from 285 cities in China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    13. Peterson K. Ozili, 2018. "Impact of digital finance on financial inclusion and stability," Borsa Istanbul Review, Research and Business Development Department, Borsa Istanbul, vol. 18(4), pages 329-340, December.
    14. Gao, Kang & Yuan, Yijun, 2022. "Government intervention, spillover effect and urban innovation performance: Empirical evidence from national innovative city pilot policy in China," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    15. Wang, Chong & Wang, Lei, 2024. "Does broadband infrastructure promote urban innovation? Evidence from “Broadband China” demonstration policy," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 349-362.
    16. Li, Xiao-Lin & Si, Deng-Kui, 2024. "Does financial market liberalization promote corporate radical innovation? Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PB).
    17. Raymond Fisman & Inessa Love, 2007. "Financial Dependence and Growth Revisited," Journal of the European Economic Association, MIT Press, vol. 5(2-3), pages 470-479, 04-05.
    18. Khalid, Fahad & Irfan, Muhammad & Srivastava, Mohit, 2024. "The impact of digital inclusive finance on ESG disputes: Evidence from Chinese non-financial listed companies," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    19. Allen, Franklin & Qian, Jun & Qian, Meijun, 2005. "Law, finance, and economic growth in China," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(1), pages 57-116, July.
    20. Miriam Bruhn & Inessa Love, 2014. "The Real Impact of Improved Access to Finance: Evidence from Mexico," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 69(3), pages 1347-1376, June.
    21. Gregory Lewis, 2011. "Asymmetric Information, Adverse Selection and Online Disclosure: The Case of eBay Motors," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 101(4), pages 1535-1546, June.
    22. Wang, Haijun & Du, Xiance & Ge, Chen & Wu, Wanting, 2024. "Does digital credit alleviate household income vulnerability?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    23. Ozili, Peterson Kitakogelu, 2018. "Impact of Digital Finance on Financial Inclusion and Stability," MPRA Paper 84771, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    24. Suhrab, Muhammad & Chen, Pinglu & Ullah, Atta, 2024. "Digital financial inclusion and income inequality nexus: Can technology innovation and infrastructure development help in achieving sustainable development goals?," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    25. Si, Deng-Kui & Wang, Meng & Yu, Yong, 2025. "Does the housing purchase restriction policy promote entrepreneurship? Evidence from China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    26. Kong, Dongmin & Ji, Mianmian, 2024. "Individual investors’ dividend tax reform and investment efficiency," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(PA), pages 1102-1119.
    27. Yao, Zhiyong & Gu, Dingwei & Cao, Wen, 2019. "SOEs as intermediation: Leakage effect under financial repression," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 349-361.
    28. Tian, Lichuan & Sun, Kai & Yang, Jie & Zhao, Yang, 2024. "Does digital economy affect corporate ESG performance? New insights from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(PB), pages 964-980.
    29. James S. Ang & Yingmei Cheng & Chaopeng Wu, 2014. "Does Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights Matter in China? Evidence from Financing and Investment Choices in the High-Tech Industry," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 96(2), pages 332-348, May.
    30. Jiang, Chun & Chang, Ya-Qi & Ge, Xinyu & Si, Deng-Kui, 2023. "Identifying the impact of bank competition on corporate shadow banking: Evidence from China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    31. Li, Xiao-Lin & Zhang, Rong-Jing, 2025. "Effects of credit misallocation on systemic risk of non-financial corporations: The role of monetary policy," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    32. Jennifer T. Lai & Isabel K. M. Yan & Xingjian Yi & Hao Zhang, 2020. "Digital Financial Inclusion and Consumption Smoothing in China," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 28(1), pages 64-93, January.
    33. Li, Jie & Wu, Yu & Xiao, Jing Jian, 2020. "The impact of digital finance on household consumption: Evidence from China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 317-326.
    34. Zhu, Wenpeng, 2024. "Digital finance, capital misallocation and corporate innovation," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PC).
    35. Caviggioli, Federico & De Marco, Antonio & Montobbio, Fabio & Ughetto, Elisa, 2020. "The licensing and selling of inventions by US universities," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    36. Chen, Rui & Jiang, Yuanyuan & Li, Xuezeng, 2024. "Community-based elderly home care services policy and household consumption enhancement: Evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
    37. Mowery, David & Rosenberg, Nathan, 1993. "The influence of market demand upon innovation: A critical review of some recent empirical studies," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 107-108, April.
    38. Roper, Stephen & Vahter, Priit & Love, James H., 2013. "Externalities of openness in innovation," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(9), pages 1544-1554.
    39. Maria Demertzis & Silvia Merler & Guntram B Wolff, 2018. "Capital Markets Union and the Fintech Opportunity," Journal of Financial Regulation, Oxford University Press, vol. 4(1), pages 157-165.
    40. Chang-Tai Hsieh & Peter J. Klenow, 2009. "Misallocation and Manufacturing TFP in China and India," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 124(4), pages 1403-1448.
    41. Sala, Hector & Trivin, Pedro, 2024. "Household finances, debt overhang and consumption patterns," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    42. Aziz, Abdul & Naima, Umma, 2021. "Rethinking Digital Financial Inclusion: Evidence from Bangladesh," SocArXiv 7sr5c, Center for Open Science.
    43. Ron Adner & Daniel Levinthal, 2001. "Demand Heterogeneity and Technology Evolution: Implications for Product and Process Innovation," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 47(5), pages 611-628, May.
    44. Wei, Feiqiong & Xie, Baiwei & Chen, Mingyan, 2025. "Digital financial inclusion, e-commerce development and entrepreneurial activity," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    45. Zhang, Cheng & Zhu, Yuyao & Zhang, Limin, 2024. "Effect of digital inclusive finance on common prosperity and the underlying mechanisms," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    46. Yan, Hong-Bin & Li, Ming, 2022. "Consumer demand based recombinant search for idea generation," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    47. Andreas Fuster & Matthew Plosser & Philipp Schnabl & James Vickery, 2019. "The Role of Technology in Mortgage Lending," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 1854-1899.
    48. Li, Xiao-Lin & Xia, Xiaolong & Ge, Xinyu & Si, Deng-Kui, 2025. "Common institutional ownership and the spillover effect of corporate innovation," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    49. Li, Xiao-Lin & Xie, Pinyi & Ding, Hui & Si, Deng-Kui, 2023. "Central bank lending facility and investment efficiency of non-SOEs: evidence from China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    50. Si, Deng-Kui & Li, Xiao-Lin, 2022. "Shadow banking business and firm risk-taking: Evidence from China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    51. Fahad Khalid & Muhammad Irfan & Mohit Srivastava, 2024. "The impact of digital inclusive finance on ESG disputes: Evidence from Chinese non-financial listed companies," Post-Print hal-04737627, HAL.
    52. Luo, Sumei & Sun, Yongkun & Yang, Fan & Zhou, Guangyou, 2022. "Does fintech innovation promote enterprise transformation? Evidence from China," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    53. Danquah, Michael & Amankwah-Amoah, Joseph, 2017. "Assessing the relationships between human capital, innovation and technology adoption: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 24-33.
    54. Kong, Dongmin & Zhang, Wenzhe & Xiong, Zihan & Qin, Ni, 2025. "Breaking down barriers to innovation: The real effects of gender diversity following the relaxation of one-child policy in China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    55. Mingfeng Lin & Nagpurnanand R. Prabhala & Siva Viswanathan, 2013. "Judging Borrowers by the Company They Keep: Friendship Networks and Information Asymmetry in Online Peer-to-Peer Lending," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 59(1), pages 17-35, August.
    56. Brown, James R. & Petersen, Bruce C., 2011. "Cash holdings and R&D smoothing," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 694-709, June.
    57. Hu, Debao & Zhai, Chenzhe & Zhao, Sibo, 2023. "Does digital finance promote household consumption upgrading? An analysis based on data from the China family panel studies," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    58. Norden, Lars & Silva Buston, Consuelo & Wagner, Wolf, 2014. "Financial innovation and bank behavior: Evidence from credit markets," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 130-145.
    59. Morshadul Hasan & Thi Le & Ariful Hoque, 2021. "How does financial literacy impact on inclusive finance?," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-23, December.
    60. Si, Deng-Kui & Li, Hong-Xue & Wu, Shilei & Zhou, Fuyou, 2024. "Does local government debt management affect cross-border M&As? Evidence from China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    61. Zhao, Qiuhan & Wu, Wei & Ge, Yuanqin & Xu, Jing, 2025. "Can intellectual property protection policy enhance enterprise innovation capability? Quasi-natural experimental study," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    62. Kong, Dongmin & Zhu, Ling & Yang, Zhiqing, 2020. "Effects of foreign investors on energy firms' innovation: Evidence from a natural experiment in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    63. Fleisher, Belton & Li, Haizheng & Zhao, Min Qiang, 2010. "Human capital, economic growth, and regional inequality in China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(2), pages 215-231, July.
    64. Li, Xiao-Lin & Si, Deng-Kui & Ge, Xinyu, 2021. "China’s interest rate pass-through after the interest rate liberalization: Evidence from a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 257-274.
    65. Liu, Zheng & Spiegel, Mark M. & Zhang, Jingyi, 2021. "Optimal capital account liberalization in China," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 1041-1061.
    66. Hsu, Po-Hsuan & Tian, Xuan & Xu, Yan, 2014. "Financial development and innovation: Cross-country evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 112(1), pages 116-135.
    67. Chen, Rui & Wang, Yufeng & Wang, Qi & Zhang, Lingling & Xiong, Ruoxi, 2025. "Unleashing the digital dividend: Exploring how the digital economy promotes the construction of new urbanization in China’s 284 prefecture-level cities?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 818-834.
    68. Aziz, Abdul & Naima, Umma, 2021. "Rethinking digital financial inclusion: Evidence from Bangladesh," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    69. Haijie Wang & Le Yang & Yanchao Feng, 2024. "How does digital economy affect the industry chain resilience in China?," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-14, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Si, Deng-Kui & Zhou, Fu-You & Li, Xiao-Lin & Kong, Dongmin, 2025. "The effect of financial marketization on the nexus between ESG rating uncertainty and corporate innovation," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    2. Cui, Ling & Si, Deng-Kui, 2024. "Does RMB exchange rate regime reform decrease corporate risk-taking? Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 69(PA).
    3. Yamin Xie, 2025. "Digital Inclusive Finance Drives Green Innovation: Pathways and Mechanisms for Sustainable Development," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 16(4), pages 14867-14906, October.
    4. Wu, Yanxia & Zhang, Jie, 2025. "Digital inclusive finance and rural households’ economic resilience," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    5. Hamdi Becha & Maha Kalai & Saifeddine Houidi & Kamel Helali, 2025. "Digital financial inclusion, environmental sustainability and regional economic growth in China: insights from a panel threshold model," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 14(1), pages 1-40, December.
    6. Ma, Hongxin & Yin, Yingkai & Liu, Zhenhai & Bai, Yi, 2024. "A study of the impact of digital finance usage on household consumption upgrading: Based on financial asset allocation perspective," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
    7. Wang, Xue & Wang, Hui & Song, Lulu & Zhang, Feiteng, 2025. "Digital inclusive finance and digital innovation in private enterprises," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    8. Tuan-Hock Ng & Ying-Zhee Lim & Chun-Teck Lye & Kar-Hoong Chan & Ying-San Lim, 2025. "Catalysing sustainable change: the role of digital finance in poverty alleviation in Asia," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 59(2), pages 1305-1325, April.
    9. Hui, Peng & Zhao, Hui & Liu, Desheng & Li, Ye, 2023. "How does digital finance affect regional innovation capacity? A spatial econometric analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    10. Lanxin Sun & Zhenting Lin & Baowei Lai, 2025. "Examining the Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance on Urban and Rural Consumption Patterns: Insights from China Household Finance Survey in 11 Coastal Regions," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 16(3), pages 12809-12842, September.
    11. Ren, Xiaosong & Zhao, Min & Gao, Ping, 2024. "The inverted U-effect of digital financial inclusion on household food carbon footprint in China: The moderating roles of environmental concern and future expectations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    12. Wenhai Zhou & Xiaoyu Zhang & Xiaomin Wu, 2024. "Digital inclusive finance, industrial structure, and economic growth: An empirical analysis of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(3), pages 1-18, March.
    13. Tang, Mengxuan & Hu, Yang & Hou, Yang (Greg) & Oxley, Les & Goodell, John W., 2025. "Fintech development, corporate tax avoidance and firm value," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    14. Si, Deng-Kui & Liu, Guanchun, 2025. "How does capital market liberalization shape corporate shadow banking? Evidence from China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    15. Si, Deng-Kui & Wang, Meng & Wang, Jiaming & Li, Hong-Xue, 2024. "Does banking competition increase corporate labor income share? Evidence from China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 440-454.
    16. Minli Yu & Fu-Sheng Tsai & Hui Jin & Hejie Zhang, 2022. "Digital finance and renewable energy consumption: evidence from China," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-19, December.
    17. Si, Deng-Kui & Wang, Meng & Yu, Yong, 2025. "Does the housing purchase restriction policy promote entrepreneurship? Evidence from China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    18. Luo, Sumei & Sun, Yongkun & Zhou, Rui, 2022. "Can fintech innovation promote household consumption? Evidence from China family panel studies," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    19. Jiang, Youxue, 2024. "Public service equalization, digital financial inclusion and the rural revitalization: Evidence from Chinese 283 prefecture-level cities," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PB).
    20. Jin, Laiqun & Dai, Jiaying & Jiang, Weijie & Cao, Kairui, 2023. "Digital finance and misallocation of resources among firms: Evidence from China," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • F65 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Finance
    • O35 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Social Innovation

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ecmode:v:152:y:2025:i:c:s026499932500286x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/30411 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.