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Yield and water productivity of rice as affected by time of transplanting in Punjab, India

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  • Mahajan, G.
  • Bharaj, T.S.
  • Timsina, J.

Abstract

Early planting of rice crop during the period of peak evaporative demand results in substantial mining of ground water and threats the sustainability of rice production in Punjab, northwest India. In order to increase yield and water productivity, arrest the mining of ground water, and achieve sustainability of rice production, there is need to adopt water-saving management practices. The present investigation in the Indian Punjab was aimed at investigating the effect of date of transplanting in four rice cultivars varying in growth duration (short-duration RH-257 and PR-115, and medium-duration PR-113 and PAU-201) on yield and water productivity. Delaying in transplanting from 15 June to 25 June or 5 July resulted in reduction in mean grain yield of the four cultivars by 7.2% and 15.9%, respectively. PAU-201, a photoperiod-sensitive cultivar, had higher mean grain yield (7.8 t ha-1) by 14.1%, 12.8% and 11.5% over the photoperiod-insensitive cultivars, PR-113, PR-115 and RH-257, respectively. Irrespective of transplanting dates, short-duration cultivars, RH-257 and PR-115, respectively, resulted in 18.9% and 16.6% saving of water, as compared to medium-duration cultivar PR-113. With delayed transplanting after 15 June, both yield and water productivity decreased for all photoperiod insensitive cultivars, but yields remained statistically similar and water productivity greater for a photoperiod sensitive cultivar. Mean irrigation water productivity (WPI) was highest for 15 June transplanting (0.66 kg m-3) and lowest for 5 July transplanting (0.57 kg m-3), and was highest for RH-257 (0.68 kg m-3) and lowest for PR-113 (0.50 kg m-3). Total water productivity (WPI+R; irrigation plus rainfall) decreased by 9.1% for 5 July transplanting compared with 15 June transplanting, and was highest for RH-257 (0.49 kg m-3) and lowest for PR-113 (0.38 kg m-3). Real crop water productivity (WPET) of the photoperiod insensitive cultivars decreased (1.10-1.40 kg m-3), but that of a photoperiod sensitive cultivar increased (1.63 kg m-3), with delayed transplanting. We conclude that substantial amount of water can be saved and yield increased by transplanting short-duration cultivars during the period of peak evaporative demand, or water saved and yield maintained by transplanting a photoperiod-sensitive cultivar late in the season when the evaporative demand is low.

Suggested Citation

  • Mahajan, G. & Bharaj, T.S. & Timsina, J., 2009. "Yield and water productivity of rice as affected by time of transplanting in Punjab, India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(3), pages 525-532, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:96:y:2009:i:3:p:525-532
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    2. Mohammad Alauddin & Upali A. Amarasinghe & Bharat R. Sharma, 2014. "Four decades of rice water productivity in Bangladesh: A spatio-temporal analysis of district level panel data," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 51-64.
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    6. Jalota, S.K. & Vashisht, B.B. & Kaur, Harsimran & Kaur, Samanpreet & Kaur, Prabhjyot, 2014. "Location specific climate change scenario and its impact on rice and wheat in Central Indian Punjab," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 77-86.
    7. Waqas, Muhammad Sohail & Cheema, Muhammad Jehanzeb Masud & Hussain, Saddam & Ullah, Muhammad Kaleem & Iqbal, Muhammad Mazhar, 2021. "Delayed irrigation: An approach to enhance crop water productivity and to investigate its effects on potato yield and growth parameters," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    8. Jalota, S.K. & Jain, A.K. & Vashisht, B.B., 2018. "Minimize water deficit in wheat crop to ameliorate groundwater decline in rice-wheat cropping system," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 261-267.
    9. Sandhu, S.S. & Mahal, S.S. & Vashist, K.K. & G.S.Buttar, & Brar, A.S. & Singh, Maninder, 2012. "Crop and water productivity of bed transplanted rice as influenced by various levels of nitrogen and irrigation in northwest India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 32-39.
    10. Alauddin, Mohammad & Sharma, Bharat R., 2013. "Inter-district rice water productivity differences in Bangladesh: An empirical exploration and implications," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 210-218.
    11. Cai, X.L. & Sharma, B.R., 2010. "Integrating remote sensing, census and weather data for an assessment of rice yield, water consumption and water productivity in the Indo-Gangetic river basin," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(2), pages 309-316, February.
    12. Kaur, Diljeet & Singh, Angrej & Sindhu, Vinay Kumar, 2024. "Growth and productivity of direct-seeded basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by sowing dates and irrigation schedules in north-western India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    13. Cai, Xueliang & Sharma, Bharat R. & Matin, Mir Abdul & Sharma, Devesh & Gunasinghe, Sarath, 2010. "An assessment of crop water productivity in the Indus and Ganges River Basins: current status and scope for improvement," IWMI Research Reports 112970, International Water Management Institute.
    14. Jalota, S.K. & Singh, K.B. & Chahal, G.B.S. & Gupta, R.K. & Chakraborty, Somsubhra & Sood, Anil & Ray, S.S. & Panigrahy, S., 2009. "Integrated effect of transplanting date, cultivar and irrigation on yield, water saving and water productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Indian Punjab: Field and simulation study," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(7), pages 1096-1104, July.
    15. Hosseini, Seyede Tayyebeh & Sharifan, Hossein & Kiani, Alireza & Abyar, Noormohammad & Feyzbakhsh, Mohammad taghi, 2024. "Analysis of energy input-output in direct seeded and transplantation cultivation of rice under different irrigation systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).

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