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Transplanting time and seedling age affect water productivity, rice yield and quality in north-west India

Author

Listed:
  • Brar, S.K.
  • Mahal, S.S.
  • Brar, A.S.
  • Vashist, K.K.
  • Sharma, Neerja
  • Buttar, G.S.

Abstract

Early transplanting of rice during periods of high evaporative demand can result in mining of groundwater. In Indian Punjab, the water table is currently falling at 0.4–0.9m per year. Hence, there is urgent need to adopt water saving practices to enhance grain yield and water productivity. The present study was run at Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) to investigate the effect of transplanting dates (June 15, June 25 and July 5) and seedling age (30, 45 and 60 days) on yield, quality and water productivity of two rice cultivars differing by their duration: 144 days for PAU 201, 156 days for PR 118. Delay in transplanting from June 15 to June 25 or July 5 did not show any influence on yield and quality of rice, but irrigation water saving were 4.6 and 14.0%, respectively. The corresponding increase were: apparent crop water productivity (ACWP): 7.1 and 14.5%: total crop water productivity (TCWP): 9.8 and 19.2%; real crop water productivity (RCWP): 9.4 and 13.3%. PAU 201 cultivar recorded 9.3% higher grain yield and 3.7% higher irrigation water saving than PR 118. Differences were also significant for ACWP, TCWP and RCWP. The positive relationship between transplanting time and ACWP, TCWP and RCWP were accentuated for the medium duration cultivar (PAU 201). The transplanting of 30 days old seedlings gave significantly higher grain yield, apparent, total and real water productivity over 60 days old seedlings. So the transplanting of medium duration cultivar PAU 201 may be delayed up to July 5 and that of long duration cultivar PR 118 up to June 25 for substantial saving of irrigation water without any disadvantage in yield or grain quality.

Suggested Citation

  • Brar, S.K. & Mahal, S.S. & Brar, A.S. & Vashist, K.K. & Sharma, Neerja & Buttar, G.S., 2012. "Transplanting time and seedling age affect water productivity, rice yield and quality in north-west India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 217-222.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:115:y:2012:i:c:p:217-222
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2012.09.001
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jalota, S.K. & Sood, Anil & Chahal, G.B.S. & Choudhury, B.U., 2006. "Crop water productivity of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system as influenced by deficit irrigation, soil texture and precipitation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 84(1-2), pages 137-146, July.
    2. repec:iwt:rerpts:h018206 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Jalota, S.K. & Singh, K.B. & Chahal, G.B.S. & Gupta, R.K. & Chakraborty, Somsubhra & Sood, Anil & Ray, S.S. & Panigrahy, S., 2009. "Integrated effect of transplanting date, cultivar and irrigation on yield, water saving and water productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Indian Punjab: Field and simulation study," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(7), pages 1096-1104, July.
    4. Mahajan, G. & Bharaj, T.S. & Timsina, J., 2009. "Yield and water productivity of rice as affected by time of transplanting in Punjab, India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(3), pages 525-532, March.
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    1. Yamini, Vaddula & Singh, Kulvir, 2024. "Emitter spacing, depth of lateral placement, and nutrient levels affect productivity of cotton-wheat cropping system under sub-surface drip fertigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    2. Kaur, Diljeet & Singh, Angrej & Sindhu, Vinay Kumar, 2024. "Growth and productivity of direct-seeded basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by sowing dates and irrigation schedules in north-western India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    3. Brar, A.S. & Buttar, G.S. & Jhanji, Daman & Sharma, Neerja & Vashist, K.K. & Mahal, S.S. & Deol, J.S. & Singh, Gagandeep, 2015. "Water productivity, energy and economic analysis of transplanting methods with different irrigation regimes in Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) under north-western India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 189-195.
    4. Singh, Khushkarandeep & Sindhu, Vinay Kumar & Brar, Ajmer Singh & Lamba, J.S. & Deol, J.S. & Jakhar, R.S. & Singh, Ranjeet, 2025. "Optimizing water use in spring maize through integrated agro-techniques in groundwater-stressed regions of northwestern India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    5. Monaco, Federica & Sali, Guido, 2018. "How water amounts and management options drive Irrigation Water Productivity of rice. A multivariate analysis based on field experiment data," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 47-57.
    6. S.X. Zhang & D.D. Huang & X.Y. Yi & S. Zhang & R. Yao & C.G. Li & A. Liang & X.P. Zhang, 2016. "Rice yield corresponding to the seedling growth under supplemental green light in mixed light-emitting diodes," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 62(5), pages 222-229.
    7. Poddar, Ratneswar & Acharjee, P.U. & Bhattacharyya, K. & Patra, S.K., 2022. "Effect of irrigation regime and varietal selection on the yield, water productivity, energy indices and economics of rice production in the lower Gangetic Plains of Eastern India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    8. Kaur, Tarandeep & Sharma, Pawan K. & Brar, A.S. & Singh, Sukhpreet & Singh, Surinder, 2025. "Precision irrigation and fertilization strategies for sustainable cotton-wheat systems in water-scarce regions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    9. Sahoo, Priyanka & Brar, A.S. & Sharma, Sanjula, 2018. "Effect of methods of irrigation and sulphur nutrition on seed yield, economic and bio-physical water productivity of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 158-164.
    10. Jalota, S.K. & Vashisht, B.B. & Kaur, Harsimran & Kaur, Samanpreet & Kaur, Prabhjyot, 2014. "Location specific climate change scenario and its impact on rice and wheat in Central Indian Punjab," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 77-86.
    11. Kaur, Navneet & Vashist, Krishan Kumar & Brar, A.S., 2021. "Energy and productivity analysis of maize based crop sequences compared to rice-wheat system under different moisture regimes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    12. Sinha, Indu & Buttar, G.S. & Brar, A.S., 2017. "Drip irrigation and fertigation improve economics, water and energy productivity of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Indian Punjab," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 58-64.

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