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Industrielle Entwicklung und funktionale Verschiebung in Europa: eine empirische Analyse ausgeübter Tätigkeiten

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  • Alexander Cordes
  • Birgit Gehrke

Abstract

Most European countries experience a continuous decline in manufacturing employment while knowledge intensive services increasingly gain importance. From a theoretical point of view, these developments are mainly driven by functional specialization processes. Against this background, a shift-share analysis based upon national data from the European Labor Force Survey 2008 to 2013 is applied to investigate this interrelation. Generally the decline in production tasks had a large impact in manufacturing. Within the knowledge intensive manufacturing STEM and management functions partially compensated for this effect. Some Southern and new member states, however, incurred employment losses especially due to their focus on production. Employment in German manufacturing was generally favored by national employment trends and a comparably low share of production tasks. Despite, effects from valuable functions were small. In addition, the recently low level of ICT related activities may impede future growth. In den meisten europäischen Ländern ist seit längerem ein erheblicher Rückgang der Industriebeschäftigung vor allem zugunsten wissensintensiver Dienstleistungen zu beobachten. Diese Entwicklung entspricht den theoretischen Erwartungen, dass Spezialisierungsmuster zunehmend funktional und weniger sektoral orientiert sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird anhand einer Shift-Share-Analyse auf Basis der EU-Arbeitskräfteerhebung 2008 bis 2013 der Frage nachgegangen, ob sich die Beschäftigung in Ländern mit funktional spezialisierter Industrie günstiger entwickelt hat. Insgesamt hat vor allem die sinkende Bedeutung von Fertigungstätigkeiten zum Beschäftigungsrückgang beigetragen. Aufgrund des höheren Anteils strategisch wichtiger Funktionen (MINT-Berufe, hochwertige Managementfunktionen) wog dieser Effekt insbesondere in der wissensintensiven Industrie weniger schwer beziehungsweise konnte teilweise kompensiert werden. In einigen südeuropäischen und neuen EU-Mitgliedsstaaten erwies sich hingegen deren Fertigungsspezialisierung als anfällig. Der deutschen Industrie kamen der allgemeine Beschäftigungstrend sowie das geringe Gewicht von Fertigungstätigkeiten zugute. Allerdings waren die Wachstumsimpulse hochwertiger Tätigkeiten eher gering und künftig dürfte sich der niedrige Besatz an IKT-affinen Tätigkeiten eher dämpfend auf die Industriebeschäftigung auswirken.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexander Cordes & Birgit Gehrke, 2015. "Industrielle Entwicklung und funktionale Verschiebung in Europa: eine empirische Analyse ausgeübter Tätigkeiten," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 84(1), pages 79-101.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:84-1-5
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.84.1.79
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Duranton, Gilles & Puga, Diego, 2005. "From sectoral to functional urban specialisation," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(2), pages 343-370, March.
    2. Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås & Yunhee Kim, 2013. "The Role of Services for Competitiveness in Manufacturing," OECD Trade Policy Papers 148, OECD Publishing.
    3. Robert Koopman & William Powers & Zhi Wang & Shang-Jin Wei, 2010. "Give Credit Where Credit Is Due: Tracing Value Added in Global Production Chains," NBER Working Papers 16426, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • F66 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Labor
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • L16 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure

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