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Die Agenda 2010 und die Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende

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  • Werner Eichhorst

Abstract

Die Fusion von Arbeitslosenhilfe und Sozialhilfe zur Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende, die mit dem Vierten Hartz-Gesetz zum 1. Januar 2005 vollzogen wurde, hat eine längere Vorgeschichte. Der Handlungsbedarf war bereits einige Zeit diskutiert worden. Im Zentrum stand dabei die Kritik an der Doppelstruktur der Sozialleistungen und an den "Verschiebebahnhöfen" zwischen den beiden Systemen. Auf der einen Seite hatten Arbeitslose bei Vorliegen einer früheren sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigung nach Ausschöpfung des Anspruchs auf das verdienstabhängige und befristete Arbeitslosengeld Zugang zur steuerfinanzierten, von der Bundesanstalt für Arbeit administrierten Arbeitslosenhilfe, die zwar bedürftigkeitsgeprüft war, aber noch an den früheren Verdienst anknüpfte. Auf der anderen Seite bestand für Menschen ohne Phasen sozialversicherungspflichtiger Beschäftigung Anspruch auf die von den Kommunen finanzierte und verwaltete Sozialhilfe, die Regelleistungen zur Sicherung des Lebensunterhaltes, besondere Leistungen für spezielle Bedarfe sowie Einmalleistungen und Unterkunft umfasste. Für Bezieher der Arbeitslosenhilfe wurden kaum effektive Bemühungen um Wiedereingliederung unternommen, während von Kommune zu Kommune unterschiedliche Ansatzpunkte zur Beschäftigungsförderung bestanden. Problematisch waren jedoch kommunale Beschäftigungsprojekte, die primär dazu dienten, Ansprüche auf Leistungen der Arbeitslosenversicherung beziehungsweise auf die vom Bund finanzierte Arbeitslosenhilfe zu erwerben und so die kommunalen Haushalte zu entlasten. Zur Überwindung dieser Steuerungsdefizite wurden bereits Ende der 1990er Jahre neue Kooperationsformen im Rahmen der sogenannten "Mozart-Projekte" erprobt.

Suggested Citation

  • Werner Eichhorst, 2008. "Die Agenda 2010 und die Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 77(1), pages 38-50.
    • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:77-1-4
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.77.1.38
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Regina T. Riphahn & Rebecca Schrader, 2017. "Institutional reforms and an incredible rise in old age employment," Working Papers 169, Bavarian Graduate Program in Economics (BGPE).

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