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Urban agglomeration, city size, and spatial density effects on wage flexibility: New evidence on the wage curve in Brazil

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  • Ana Maria Bonomi Barufi
  • Eduardo Amaral Haddad
  • Peter Nijkamp

Abstract

This study aims to shed new empirical light on the importance of the wage curve in a developing economy. The main contribution to the empirical literature is related to the analysis being conducted at different regional levels of a developing economy. This indicates that municipal‐level data seems to be more adequate for wage curve evaluation, and that spatial dependency should be considered to adequately control for local labor market characteristics. Results for Brazil show that wage flexibility is higher in less dense local labor markets and in the informal sector. Controlling for unobserved local characteristics is necessary to obtain the ‘true’ elasticity of wages with respect to local unemployment rates, while spatial autocorrelation effects should be accounted for when the spatial unit of analysis is rather small to consider the interactions that happen inside a specific labor market area. Finally, a significant part of the difference in outcomes between formal and informal sectors appears to originate from spatial–economic dependence effects, indicating that labor market areas are more suitable for such analysis. Este estudio trata de aportar evidencia empírica sobre la importancia de la curva salarial en una economía en desarrollo. La contribución principal a la literatura empírica está relacionada con el análisis que se realiza a diferentes niveles regionales de una economía en desarrollo. Esto indica que los datos a nivel municipal parecen ser más adecuados para la evaluación de las curvas salariales, y que para controlar adecuadamente las características del mercado laboral local debería tenerse en cuenta la dependencia espacial. Los resultados para Brasil muestran que la flexibilidad salarial es mayor en los mercados laborales locales menos densos y en el sector informal. El control de las características locales no observadas es necesario para obtener la ‘verdadera’ elasticidad de los salarios con respecto a las tasas de desempleo locales, mientras que los efectos de autocorrelación espacial deben tenerse en cuenta cuando la unidad espacial de análisis es más bien pequeña para considerar las interacciones que se producen dentro de un área específica del mercado laboral. Por último, una parte significativa de la diferencia de resultados entre los sectores formal e informal parece tener su origen en efectos de dependencia espacial‐económica, lo que indica que las zonas del mercado laboral son más adecuadas para este tipo de análisis. 本研究の目的は、発展途上国の経済における賃金カーブの重要性を実証的に明らかにすることである。実証研究への主な貢献は、開発途上国経済の様々な地域レベルで行われている分析に関連している。これは、賃金カーブの評価には自治体レベルのデータがより適切であり、地域の労働市場の特性を適切に調整するために、空間依存性を考慮に入れるべきであることを示している。本研究のブラジルの結果から、労働人口密度の低い地方の労働市場とインフォーマルなセクターにおいて賃金の伸縮性が高いことが示されている。地域の失業率に関する「真の」賃金弾力性を得るには観測されていない地域の特性を調整することが必要であるが、特定の労働市場地域の中で起こる相互作用を考慮に入れるには、空間的な分析単位がかなり小さい場合には、空間的自己相関の効果を考慮する必要がある。最後に、フォーマルなセクターとインフォーマルセクターにおける成果の違いの大部分は、空間的経済依存の効果に由来すると考えられるが、これは労働市場地域がこのような分析に適していることを示すものである。

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Maria Bonomi Barufi & Eduardo Amaral Haddad & Peter Nijkamp, 2023. "Urban agglomeration, city size, and spatial density effects on wage flexibility: New evidence on the wage curve in Brazil," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(9), pages 1998-2025, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:15:y:2023:i:9:p:1998-2025
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12669
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