IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/presci/v97y2018i1p117-132.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Internationalized at work and localistic at home: The ‘split’ Europeanization behind Brexit

Author

Listed:
  • Riccardo Crescenzi
  • Marco Di Cataldo
  • Alessandra Faggian

Abstract

This paper looks at the results of the referendum on the United Kingdom membership to the European Union in order to test the link between the internationalization of the local economy and the openness of the local society as factors associated with the Leave vote (Brexit). The paper compares a number of alternative explanations put forward in the public debate after the referendum. The empirical analysis suggests that the outcome of the referendum can be linked to an increasing tension between the ever increasing internationalization of local firms and the ‘localistic’ attitude of their employees. Brexit can be seen as the result of a process of ‘split Europeanization’ whereby Euroscepticism is triggered by the increasing mismatch between internationalized economies (and corporate economic interests) and localistic societies (and workers’ attitudes and cultural preferences). Este artículo analiza los resultados del referéndum sobre la membresía del Reino Unido a la Unión Europea con el fin de poner a prueba el vínculo entre la internacionalización de la economía local y la apertura de la sociedad local como factores asociados con el voto a favor de Salir (Brexit). El artículo compara varias explicaciones alternativas presentadas en el debate público después del referéndum. El análisis empírico sugiere que el resultado del referéndum puede vincularse con una tensión creciente entre la internacionalización cada vez mayor de las empresas locales y la actitud ‘localista’ de sus empleados. Brexit se puede entender como el resultado de un proceso de ‘europeización dividida’ mediante el cual el euroescepticismo se desencadena a causa del creciente desajuste entre las economías internacionalizadas (con intereses económicos corporativos) y las sociedades localistas (con actitudes y preferencias culturales de los trabajadores). 本稿では、イギリスの欧州連合離脱の是非を問う国民投票の結果を検討し、地方経済の国際化と地方社会の開放性の関連が、離脱票[ブレグジッド(Brexit:イギリスのEU離脱)]につながる要因であったか否かを検証する。ここでは国民投票後の公開討論で提示された、投票結果に関する多数の仮説を比較する。実証分析から、国民投票の結果は、国際化傾向を続ける地方企業と「地方主義的志向(localistic attitude)」のその企業の従業員との緊張状態の悪化が関連していることが示唆される。国際化した経済(および企業の経済的利益)と地方主義的社会(および労働者の志向と文化的嗜好)のミスマッチの拡大により起きた欧州懐疑主義の観点からみると、ブレグジッドはヨーロッパ統合の分断のプロセスで起きた結果であるととらえることができる。

Suggested Citation

  • Riccardo Crescenzi & Marco Di Cataldo & Alessandra Faggian, 2018. "Internationalized at work and localistic at home: The ‘split’ Europeanization behind Brexit," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 97(1), pages 117-132, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:presci:v:97:y:2018:i:1:p:117-132
    DOI: 10.1111/pirs.12350
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12350
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/pirs.12350?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Philip Cooke & Nick Clifton & Mercedes Oleaga, 2005. "Social capital, firm embeddedness and regional development," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(8), pages 1065-1077.
    2. Sascha O Becker & Thiemo Fetzer & Dennis Novy, 2017. "Who voted for Brexit? A comprehensive district-level analysis," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 32(92), pages 601-650.
    3. Jan Fidrmuc & Martin Hulényi & Cigdem Börke Tunali, 2016. "Money Can't Buy EU Love: European Funds and the Brexit Referendum," CESifo Working Paper Series 6107, CESifo.
    4. David Manley & Kelvyn Jones & Ron Johnston, 2017. "The geography of Brexit – What geography? Modelling and predicting the outcome across 380 local authorities," Local Economy, London South Bank University, vol. 32(3), pages 183-203, May.
    5. Begg, Iain, 2016. "Brexit: why, what next and how?," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 68861, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    6. Arnorsson, Agust & Zoega, Gylfi, 2018. "On the causes of Brexit," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 301-323.
    7. Iain Begg, 2016. "Brexit: Why, What Next and How?," CESifo Forum, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 17(02), pages 30-36, August.
    8. Michael Storper, 2005. "Society, Community and Economic Development," Post-Print hal-03416658, HAL.
    9. John Curtice, 2017. "Why Leave Won the UK's EU Referendum," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55, pages 19-37, September.
    10. Italo Colantone & Piero Stanig, 2016. "Global Competition and Brexit," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers 1644, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    11. Martin Ruef, 2002. "Strong ties, weak ties and islands: structural and cultural predictors of organizational innovation," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 11(3), pages 427-449, June.
    12. Bart Los & Philip McCann & John Springford & Mark Thissen, 2017. "The mismatch between local voting and the local economic consequences of Brexit," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(5), pages 786-799, May.
    13. Iain Begg, 2016. "Brexit: Why, What Next and How?," CESifo Forum, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 17(1), pages 30-36, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Dan He & Zhiqiong Zhang & Minglong Han & Yizhi Kang & Peng Gao, 2022. "Multi-dimensional boundary effects and regional economic integration: Evidence from the Yangtze River Economic Belt," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 45(4), pages 472-498, July.
    2. Chessa, Michela & Persenda, Arnaud & Torre, Dominique, 2023. "Brexit and Canadadvent: An application of graphs and hypergraphs to recent international trade agreements," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 1-12.
    3. Andrés Rodríguez-Pose & Lewis Dijkstra, 2021. "Does Cohesion Policy reduce EU discontent and Euroscepticism?," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(2), pages 354-369, February.
    4. Štefan Rehák & Oliver Rafaj & Tomáš Černěnko, 2021. "EU integration, regional development problems and the rise of the new radical right in Slovakia," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(2), pages 303-321, April.
    5. Maria Abreu & Özge Öner, 2020. "Disentangling the Brexit vote: The role of economic, social and cultural contexts in explaining the UK’s EU referendum vote," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 52(7), pages 1434-1456, October.
    6. Riccardo Crescenzi & Marco Di Cotaldo & Mara Guia, 2019. "It’s not about the money! EU funds, local opportunities, and the Brexit vote," LEQS – LSE 'Europe in Question' Discussion Paper Series 149, European Institute, LSE.
    7. Julia Bachtrögler & Harald Oberhofer, 2018. "Euroscepticism and EU Cohesion Policy: The Impact of Micro-Level Policy Effectiveness on Voting Behavior," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp273, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
    8. Roberta Capello & Andrea Caragliu & Ugo Fratesi, 2018. "Breaking Down the Border: Physical, Institutional and Cultural Obstacles," Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 94(5), pages 485-513, October.
    9. Mauro Caselli & Andrea Fracasso & Silvio Traverso, 2021. "Globalization, robotization, and electoral outcomes: Evidence from spatial regressions for Italy," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(1), pages 86-111, January.
    10. Glückler Johannes & Wójcik Dariusz, 2023. "Seven Years of Brexit: Economic Geographies of Regional De- and Recoupling," ZFW – Advances in Economic Geography, De Gruyter, vol. 67(2), pages 67-75, August.
    11. Alessandra Faggian & Marco Modica & Félix Modrego & Giulia Urso, 2021. "One country, two populist parties: Voting patterns of the 2018 Italian elections and their determinants," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(2), pages 397-413, April.
    12. Adolfo Maza & José Villaverde & María Hierro, 2019. "The 2017 Regional Election in Catalonia: an attempt to understand the pro-independence vote," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 36(1), pages 1-18, April.
    13. Simon Rudkin & Lucy Barros & Paweł Dłotko & Wanling Qiu, 2024. "An economic topology of the Brexit vote," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 58(3), pages 601-618, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yann Algan & Sergei Guriev & Elias Papaioannou & Evgenia Passari, 2017. "The European Trust Crisis and the Rise of Populism," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 48(2 (Fall)), pages 309-400.
    2. Simon Rudkin & Lucy Barros & Paweł Dłotko & Wanling Qiu, 2024. "An economic topology of the Brexit vote," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 58(3), pages 601-618, March.
    3. Sascha O Becker & Thiemo Fetzer & Dennis Novy, 2017. "Who voted for Brexit? A comprehensive district-level analysis," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 32(92), pages 601-650.
    4. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/2i9jel1usb85nr2j7tejsaldfu is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Diana Gutiérrez‐Posada & María Plotnikova & Fernando Rubiera‐Morollón, 2021. "“The grass is greener on the other side”: The relationship between the Brexit referendum results and spatial inequalities at the local level," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 100(6), pages 1481-1500, December.
    6. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/1divsbu8t888r9vqektjbmlqoa is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Clifton-Sprigg, Joanna & Homburg, Ines & James, Jonathan & Vujic, Suncica, 2023. "A Bad Break-up? Assessing the Effects of the 2016 Brexit Referendum on Migration," IZA Discussion Papers 16468, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. Bachtrögler, Julia & Oberhofer, Harald, 2018. "Euroscepticism and EU Cohesion Policy: The Impact of Micro-Level Policy Effectiveness on Voting Behavior," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 273, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
    9. Giammetti, Raffaele, 2019. "Tariffs, Domestic Import Substitution and Trade Diversion in Input-Output Production Networks: how to deal with Brexit," MPRA Paper 93229, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Dhingra, Swati & Machin, Stephen & Overman, Henry, 2017. "Local Economic Effects of Brexit," National Institute Economic Review, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, vol. 242, pages 24-36, November.
    11. BELAŞCU Lucian, 2016. "The Case of “EMU-Outsiders”: Economic and Political Considerations," European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Bucharest Economic Academy, issue 01, March.
    12. Blackaby, David H. & Drinkwater, Stephen & Robinson, Catherine, 2020. "Regional Variations in the Brexit Vote: Causes and Potential Consequences," IZA Discussion Papers 13579, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    13. Bove, Vincenzo & Efthyvoulou, Georgios & Pickard, Harry, 2019. "Did terrorism affect the Brexit vote?," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 415, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
    14. Francisco José CALDERÓN VÁZQUEZ & Vikesh CHANDNANI SUKHWANI & Pablo PODADERA RIVERA, 2020. "Brexit and the Anglosphere: an intra-industry trade opportunity for India? Abstract: The present paper outlines a functionalist approach to the complex “Brexit” phenomenon, exploring those opportuniti," Eastern Journal of European Studies, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 11, pages 186-210, June.
    15. Fidrmuc, Jan & Hulényi, Martin & Tunalı, Çiğdem Börke, 2019. "Can money buy EU love?," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    16. Giammetti, Raffaele, 2019. "Tariffs, Domestic Import Substitution and Trade Diversion in Input-Output Production Networks: how to deal with Brexit," MPRA Paper 92835, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Torben M. Andersen & Giuseppe Bertola & John Driffill & Clemens Fuest & Harold James & Jan-Egbert Sturm & Branko Uroševic, 2017. "Chapter 2: Economic Policy and the Rise of Populism – It’s Not So Simple," EEAG Report on the European Economy, CESifo, vol. 0, pages 50-66, March.
    18. Yann Algan & Sergei Guriev & Elias Papaioannou & Evgenia Passari, 2017. "The European Trust Crisis and the Rise of Populism," Post-Print hal-02381560, HAL.
    19. Harry Pickard, 2019. "A mailshot in the dark? The impact of the UK government's lea fet on the 2016 EU referendum," Working Papers 2019004, The University of Sheffield, Department of Economics.
    20. Joanie Willett & Rebecca Tidy & Garry Tregidga & Philip Passmore, 2019. "Why did Cornwall vote for Brexit? Assessing the implications for EU structural funding programmes," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 37(8), pages 1343-1360, December.
    21. Dani Rodrik, 2018. "Populism and the economics of globalization," Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 1(1), pages 12-33, June.
    22. Thiemo Fetzer & Stephan Kyburz, 2018. "Cohesive Institutions and Political Violence," HiCN Working Papers 271, Households in Conflict Network.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D72 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
    • N44 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation - - - Europe: 1913-
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population
    • Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:presci:v:97:y:2018:i:1:p:117-132. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1056-8190 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.