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Late marriage as a contributor to the industrial revolution in England

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  • James Foreman‐Peck
  • Peng Zhou

Abstract

Was the European marriage pattern an important contributor to England's precocious economic development? This article examines this question by embedding the possibility in a historically substantiated demographic‐economic model, supported by both cross‐section and long time series evidence. Persistent high mortality and powerful mortality shocks in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries lowered life expectations. Subsequently increased life expectancy reduced the number of births necessary to achieve a given family size. Fewer births were achieved by a higher age at first marriage of females. Later marriage not only constrained population growth but also provided greater opportunities for female informal learning, especially through ‘service’. In a period when the family was the principal institution for socializing future workers, such learning was a significant contributor to the intergenerational transmission and accumulation of human capital. This article shows how, over the centuries, the gradual induced rise of human capital raised productivity and eventually brought about the industrial revolution. Without the contribution of late marriage to human capital accumulation broadly interpreted, real wages in England would not have increased strongly in the early nineteenth century and would have been much lower than actually achieved for several centuries.

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  • James Foreman‐Peck & Peng Zhou, 2018. "Late marriage as a contributor to the industrial revolution in England," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 71(4), pages 1073-1099, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ehsrev:v:71:y:2018:i:4:p:1073-1099
    DOI: 10.1111/ehr.12651
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    Cited by:

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    2. Jeremy Edwards & Sheilagh Ogilvie, 2022. "Did the Black Death cause economic development by ‘inventing’ fertility restriction? [Land use and management in the upland demesne of the De Lacy estate of Blackburnshire c. 1300]," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 74(4), pages 1228-1246.
    3. Ohler, Johann, 2024. "Malthus in Germany? Fertility, Mortality, and Status in pre-industrial Germany 1600-1850," MPRA Paper 120451, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. James Foreman-Peck & Peng Zhou, 2021. "Fertility versus productivity: a model of growth with evolutionary equilibria," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 34(3), pages 1073-1104, July.
    5. Foreman-Peck, James & Zhou, Peng, 2019. "The Demographic Transition in a Unified Growth Modelof the English Economy," Cardiff Economics Working Papers E2019/8, Cardiff University, Cardiff Business School, Economics Section.
    6. James Foreman‐Peck & Peng Zhou, 2019. "Response to Edwards and Ogilvie," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 72(4), pages 1447-1450, November.
    7. Asiedu, Elizabeth & Azomahou, Théophile T. & Getachew, Yoseph & Yitbarek, Eleni, 2021. "Share the love: Parental bias, women empowerment and intergenerational mobility," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 846-867.
    8. Clark, Gregory & Cummins, Neil & Curtis, Matthew, 2022. "How did the European Marriage Pattern Persist? Social versus Familial Inheritance: England and Quebec, 1650-1850," CEPR Discussion Papers 17475, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    9. Horrell, Sara & Humphries, Jane & Weisdorf, Jacob, 2020. "Malthus's missing women and children: demography and wages in historical perspective, England 1280-1850," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    10. Youssouf Merouani & Faustine Perrin, 2022. "Gender and the long-run development process. A survey of the literature [Rethinking age heaping: A cautionary tale from nineteenth-century Italy]," European Review of Economic History, European Historical Economics Society, vol. 26(4), pages 612-641.
    11. David Bris & Ronan Tallec, 2023. "The European marriage pattern and the sensitivity of female age at marriage to economic context. Montesquieu-Volvestre, 1660–1789," Cliometrica, Springer;Cliometric Society (Association Francaise de Cliométrie), vol. 17(2), pages 187-231, May.

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