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Black and White: Access to Capital among Minority-Owned Startups

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Newman, Arielle & Lewis, Alexander & Coles, Ryan, 2025. "Emancipatory entrepreneurship in postcolonial economies: The clash of institutional systems in the Kejetia marketplace," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 40(4).
  2. Sabrina T. Howell & Theresa Kuchler & David Snitkof & Johannes Stroebel & Jun Wong, 2024. "Lender Automation and Racial Disparities in Credit Access," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 79(2), pages 1457-1512, April.
  3. Alhorr, Layane, 2024. "Virtual Windows Through Glass Walls? Digitalization for Low-Mobility Female Entrepreneurs," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10803, The World Bank.
  4. Job Boerma & Loukas Karabarbounis, 2023. "Reparations and Persistent Racial Wealth Gaps," NBER Macroeconomics Annual, University of Chicago Press, vol. 37(1), pages 171-221.
  5. Vuković, Darko B. & Hassan, M. Kabir & Kwakye, Bernard & Febtinugraini, Armike & Shakib, Mohammed, 2024. "Does fintech matter for financial inclusion and financial stability in BRICS markets?," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
  6. Zheng, Yi & Ren, He, 2024. "COVID-19 vaccination and housing payments," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
  7. Tan, Eugene & Zeida, Teegawende H., 2024. "Consumer demand and credit supply as barriers to growth for Black-owned startups," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
  8. Vatsa, Prithu, 2025. "Do minority banks matter?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
  9. Greenwald, Daniel L. & Howell, Sabrina T. & Li, Cangyuan & Yimfor, Emmanuel, 2024. "Regulatory arbitrage or random errors? Implications of race prediction algorithms in fair lending analysis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
  10. Lewis, Trey & Hunt, Richard A. & Murphy, Maurice J. & Townsend, David M., 2026. "Black entrepreneurship: A multilevel process model of constrained agency across the business venturing lifecycle," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 41(1).
  11. John Edward Sabelhaus & Jeffrey P. Thompson, 2021. "Racial Wealth Disparities: Reconsidering the Roles of Human Capital and Inheritance," Working Papers 22-3, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
  12. Krieger, Bastian & Füner, Lena & Prüfer, Malte, 2024. "Which start-ups win public procurement tenders?," ZEW Discussion Papers 24-072, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
  13. Sergey Chernenko & David S. Scharfstein, 2022. "Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program," NBER Working Papers 29748, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  14. Marta Morazzoni & Andrea Sy, 2021. "Female Entrepreneurship, Financial Frictions and Capital Misallocation in the US," Working Papers 1299, Barcelona School of Economics.
  15. Catherine E. Fazio & Jorge Guzman & Yupeng Liu & Scott Stern, 2021. "How is COVID Changing the Geography of Entrepreneurship? Evidence from the Startup Cartography Project," NBER Working Papers 28787, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  16. Sarah Armitage & Noël Bakhtian & Adam Jaffe, 2024. "Innovation Market Failures and the Design of New Climate Policy Instruments," Environmental and Energy Policy and the Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 5(1), pages 4-48.
  17. Rosanna Garcia & Daniel W. Baack, 2023. "The Invisible Racialized Minority Entrepreneur: Using White Solipsism to Explain the White Space," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 188(3), pages 397-418, December.
  18. Christopher J. Boudreaux & Rebel A. Cole, 2025. "Intellectual property among incorporated and unincorporated entrepreneurs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 65(4), pages 2089-2111, December.
  19. Bai, John (Jianqiu) & Kerr, William & Wan, Chi & Yorulmaz, Alptug Y., 2025. "Everyone steps back? The widespread retraction of crowd-funding support for minority creators when migration fear is high," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 54(1).
  20. Aaron Anglin & Garry D. Bruton & Marcin Bielicki, 2025. "No Credit for Success, Penalized for Failure? An Examination of Entrepreneur Race, Gender, and Prior Fundraising Track Records in Crowdfunding," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 49(5), pages 1392-1430, September.
  21. Mousa Ahmad Al-Bashrawi & Mohammed A. Al-Sharafi & Ibrahim A. Elgendy & Mohamed Y. I. Helal & Madhan Karthikeyan Anbalagan & Inyoung Chae & Yogesh K. Dwivedi, 2026. "Agentic AI systems and the future of entrepreneurship: a perspective on co-agency, innovation, and ecosystem transformation," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 1-31, March.
  22. Matt Marx & Qian Wang & Emmanuel Yimfor, 2026. "Minimum Viable Signal: Venture Funding, Social Movements, and Race," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 72(4), pages 3332-3350, April.
  23. Erik Dolson & Julapa Jagtiani, 2021. "Which Lenders Are More Likely to Reach Out to Underserved Consumers: Banks versus Fintechs versus Other Nonbanks?," Working Papers 21-17, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
  24. Chernenko, Sergey & Scharfstein, David, 2024. "Racial disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
  25. Evan E. Johnson & Lauren Lanahan & Amol M. Joshi & Iman Hemmatian, 2025. "The Role of Community Development Financial Institutions in Supporting Inclusive Economic Development," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 39(3), pages 196-210, August.
  26. Marco Giacoletti & Rawley Heimer & Edison Yu, 2026. "Temporal Focal Points and Economic Outcomes Evidence from U.S. Mortgage Lending," Working Papers 26-18, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
  27. Bento, Pedro & Hwang, Sunju, 2023. "Barriers to black entrepreneurship: Implications for welfare and aggregate output over time," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 16-34.
  28. Benjamin Collier & Sabrina T. Howell & Lea Rendell, 2024. "After the Storm: How Emergency Liquidity Helps Small Businesses Following Natural Disasters," Working Papers 24-20, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
  29. Nevo, Saggi, 2025. "Atypical entrepreneurs in the venture idea elaboration phase," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 40(2).
  30. Mee Jung Kim & Kyung Min Lee & J. David Brown & John S. Earle, 2021. "Black Entrepreneurs, Job Creation, and Financial Constraints," Working Papers 21-11, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
  31. Benjamin Rosa, 2026. "What Happens to Contractors After States Ban Affirmative Action?," NBER Working Papers 35362, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  32. Alexandre Bohas & Gilles Grolleau & Naoufel Mzoughi, 2024. "The advantages of being disadvantaged," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 77(3), pages 759-775, August.
  33. Sua Kim & Qingfang Wang & Scott Taylor & Michael Seley, 2026. "Building Inclusive Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Institutional Motivations, Adaptive Design, and Partnership Impacts," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 40(1), pages 10-26, February.
  34. Yash Babar & Ali Mahdavi Adeli & Gordon Burtch, 2023. "The Effects of Online Social Identity Signals on Retailer Demand," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(12), pages 7335-7346, December.
  35. Rachel Atkins & Lisa Cook & Robert Seamans, 2022. "Discrimination in lending? Evidence from the Paycheck Protection Program," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(2), pages 843-865, February.
  36. Helena Liu, 2024. "Teaching Race in Business Schools: The Challenges and Possibilities of Anti-Racist Education," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 193(4), pages 749-764, September.
  37. Ewens, Michael, 2022. "Race and Gender in Entrepreneurial Finance," SocArXiv djf8z, Center for Open Science.
  38. Ma, Jiantao & Sarker, Anindo & Unel, Bulent, 2025. "Does credit expansion encourage small businesses to incorporate? Evidence from US bank deregulations," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
  39. Toni Ahnert & Sebastian Doerr & Nicola Pierri & Yannick Timmer, 2026. "Information Technology in Banking and Entrepreneurship," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 72(3), pages 1796-1813, March.
  40. Shahriar Akter & Saida Sultana & Marcello Mariani & Samuel Fosso Wamba & Konstantina Spanaki & Yogesh Dwivedi, 2023. "Advancing algorithmic bias management capabilities in AI-driven marketing analytics research," Post-Print hal-04194438, HAL.
  41. Rupar, Kathy & Wang, Sean & Yoon, Hayoung, 2025. "Do sell-side analysts react too pessimistically to bad news for minority-led firms? Evidence from target price valuations," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(1).
  42. Bradford, William D. & Wang, Chunbei & Lofstrom, Magnus & Verchot, Michael, 2025. "(Mis)Pricing in Loans to Businesses Owned by People of Color," IZA Discussion Papers 17730, IZA Network @ LISER.
  43. Siddharth Sharma & Justin Frake & Jared Watson, 2026. "Symbolic vs. Substantive Support: The Impact of Black Lives Matter on Black-Owned Businesses," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 45(1), pages 45-62, January.
  44. Boudreaux, Christopher J., 2026. "Racial and ethnic differences in entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
  45. Howell, Sabrina & Kuchler, Theresa & Snitkof, David & Ströbel, Johannes & Wong, Jun, 2021. "Racial Disparities in Access to Small Business Credit: Evidence from the Paycheck Protection Program," CEPR Discussion Papers 16623, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
  46. Tiantian Yang & Olenka Kacperczyk, 2024. "The racial gap in entrepreneurship and opportunities inside established firms," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(4), pages 745-774, April.
  47. Engelberg, Joseph E. & Guzman, Jorge & Lu, Runjing & Mullins, William, 2021. "Partisan Entrepreneurship," SocArXiv qhs6j, Center for Open Science.
  48. Christopher J. Boudreaux & Steven W. Bradley & Anand Jha & Joao F. Mazzoni, 2025. "You are only as strong as your weakest link: Founder and community social capital and start-up survival," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 64(4), pages 2133-2152, April.
  49. Innessa Colaiacovo & Margaret G. Dalton & Sari Pekkala Kerr & William R. Kerr, 2022. "The Transformation of Self Employment," NBER Working Papers 29725, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  50. Aditya Aladangady & Andrew C. Chang & Jacob Krimmel, 2025. "Greater wealth, greater uncertainty: Changes in racial inequality in the Survey of Consumer Finances," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 23(1), pages 91-118, March.
  51. Bastian Krieger & Lena Füner & Malte Prüfer, 2026. "The participation of young firms in public procurement," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 67(1), pages 461-492, June.
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