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Hedge and safe haven properties during COVID-19: Evidence from Bitcoin and gold

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Cited by:

  1. Shahzad, Umer & Ghaemi Asl, Mahdi & Panait, Mirela & Sarker, Tapan & Apostu, Simona Andreea, 2023. "Emerging interaction of artificial intelligence with basic materials and oil & gas companies: A comparative look at the Islamic vs. conventional markets," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
  2. Mbarki, Imen & Khan, Muhammad Arif & Karim, Sitara & Paltrinieri, Andrea & Lucey, Brian M., 2023. "Unveiling commodities-financial markets intersections from a bibliometric perspective," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
  3. Jin, Yuqian & Liu, Qingfu & Tse, Yiuman & Zheng, Kaixin, 2023. "Hedging Covid-19 risk with ESG disclosure," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 27-46.
  4. Narayan, Shivani & Kumar, Dilip, 2024. "Unveiling interconnectedness and risk spillover among cryptocurrencies and other asset classes," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
  5. Zhu, Xuehong & Niu, Zibo & Zhang, Hongwei & Huang, Jiaxin & Zuo, Xuguang, 2022. "Can gold and bitcoin hedge against the COVID-19 related news sentiment risk? New evidence from a NARDL approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
  6. Xu, Lei & Kinkyo, Takuji, 2023. "Hedging effectiveness of bitcoin and gold: Evidence from G7 stock markets," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
  7. Nezir Köse & Emre Ünal & Savas Gayaker, 2026. "The role of global factors in Bitcoin dynamics: Evidence from the TVP-VAR-SV model," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 70(3), pages 1-28, March.
  8. Ahmed, Walid M.A., 2022. "On the higher-order moment interdependence of stock and commodity markets: A wavelet coherence analysis," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 135-151.
  9. Jin, Changlun & Tian, Xiujuan, 2024. "Enhanced safe-haven status of Bitcoin: Evidence from the Silicon Valley Bank collapse," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
  10. Ali, Shoaib & Al-Nassar, Nassar S. & Naveed, Muhammad, 2024. "Bridging the gap: Uncovering static and dynamic relationships between digital assets and BRICS equity markets," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
  11. An Pham Ngoc Nguyen & Martin Crane & Thomas Conlon & Marija Bezbradica, 2025. "Herding unmasked: Insights into cryptocurrencies, stocks and US ETFs," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 20(2), pages 1-49, February.
  12. Ahmed BenSaïda, 2025. "Safe haven property of gold and cryptocurrencies during COVID-19 and Russia–Ukraine conflict," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 352(3), pages 471-504, September.
  13. Mirzat Ullah & Kazi Sohag & Svetlana Doroshenko & Oleg Mariev, 2025. "Examination of Bitcoin Hedging, Diversification and Safe-Haven Ability During Financial Crisis: Evidence from Equity, Bonds, Precious Metals and Exchange Rate Markets," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 66(1), pages 835-867, July.
  14. Kliber, Agata, 2022. "Looking for a safe haven against American stocks during COVID-19 pandemic," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
  15. Hoque, Mohammad Enamul & Soo-Wah, Low & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Akhter, Tahmina, 2023. "Time and frequency domain connectedness and spillover among categorical and regional financial stress, gold and bitcoin market," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
  16. Li, Zijian & Meng, Qiaoyu, 2022. "Time and frequency connectedness and portfolio diversification between cryptocurrencies and renewable energy stock markets during COVID-19," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
  17. Ali, Shoaib & Ijaz, Muhammad Shahzad & Yousaf, Imran, 2023. "Dynamic spillovers and portfolio risk management between defi and metals: Empirical evidence from the Covid-19," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
  18. Dario Palumbo, 2026. "Precious metals and currency risk: testing hedging effectiveness and safe-haven properties across trading frequencies during periods of market distress," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 357(1), pages 441-474, February.
  19. Su, Chi-Wei & Yang, Shengjie & Qin, Meng & Lobonţ, Oana-Ramona, 2023. "Gold vs bitcoin: Who can resist panic in the U.S.?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
  20. Chen, Yuxuan & Chiu, Junmao & Chung, Huimin & Lien, Donald, 2024. "Bitcoin market connectedness across political uncertainty," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
  21. Muhammad Nadeem & Arfan Shahzad & Yasmin Anwar, 2024. "Impact of Crypto Assets as Risk Diversifiers: A VAR-based Analysis of Portfolio Risk Reduction," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 13(1), pages 51-60.
  22. Guglielmo Maria Caporale & Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana, 2023. "Gold and silver as safe havens: A fractional integration and cointegration analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(3), pages 1-9, March.
  23. Soni, Rajat Kumar & Nandan, Tanuj & Sawarn, Ujjawal, 2024. "Investment modeling between energy futures and responsible investment," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(PB).
  24. Nedved, Martin & Kristoufek, Ladislav, 2023. "Safe havens for Bitcoin," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
  25. Bouri, Elie & Sokhanvar, Amin & Kinateder, Harald & Çiftçioğlu, Serhan, 2025. "Tech titans and crypto giants: Mutual returns predictability and trading strategy implications," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
  26. I-Chun Tsai, 2024. "Features of different asset types and extreme risk transmission during the COVID-19 crisis," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 10(1), pages 1-42, December.
  27. Feng, Hao & Gao, Da & Duan, Kun & Urquhart, Andrew, 2023. "Does Bitcoin affect decomposed oil shocks differently? Evidence from a quantile-based framework," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
  28. Virginie Terraza & Aslı Boru İpek & Mohammad Mahdi Rounaghi, 2024. "The nexus between the volatility of Bitcoin, gold, and American stock markets during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from VAR-DCC-EGARCH and ANN models," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 10(1), pages 1-34, December.
  29. Kaur Rajbeer & Kumar Parveen & Radulescu Magdalena & Mohd Sharif & Dascalu Nicoleta, 2025. "Spillover Nexus among Green Cryptocurrency, Sectoral Renewable Energy Equity Stock and Agricultural Commodity: Implications for Portfolio Diversification," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 19(1), pages 1-26.
  30. Soni, Rajat Kumar & Nandan, Tanuj, 2022. "Modeling Covid-19 contagious effect between asset markets and commodity futures in India," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
  31. Meng-Shiuh Chang & PengCheng Huang & LinSiDi Zhang & Liang Jiang, 2025. "The Asymmetric Effect of Market Uncertainty on Safe havens, Inverted Asymmetry and Contagion During COVID-19 Periods," SAGE Open, , vol. 15(3), pages 21582440251, September.
  32. Fahad Ali & Muhammad Usman Khurram & Ahmet Sensoy, 2025. "Safe havens for Bitcoin and Ethereum: evidence from high-frequency data," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 11(1), pages 1-34, December.
  33. Andreas Renard Widarto & Harjum Muharam & Sugeng Wahyudi & Irene Rini Demi Pangestuti, 2022. "ASEAN-5 and Crypto Hedge Fund: Dynamic Portfolio Approach," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(2), pages 21582440221, April.
  34. Zhu, Pengfei & Lu, Tuantuan & Chen, Shenglan, 2022. "How do crude oil futures hedge crude oil spot risk after the COVID-19 outbreak? A wavelet denoising-GARCHSK-SJC Copula hedge ratio estimation method," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 607(C).
  35. Ustaoglu, Erkan, 2022. "Safe-haven properties and portfolio applications of cryptocurrencies: Evidence from the emerging markets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PB).
  36. Abid, Ilyes & Bouri, Elie & Galariotis, Emilios & Guesmi, Khaled & Mzoughi, Hela, 2023. "Bitcoin vs. fiat currencies: Insights from extreme dependence and risk spillover analysis with financial markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
  37. Al-Nassar, Nassar S. & Boubaker, Sabri & Chaibi, Anis & Makram, Beljid, 2023. "In search of hedges and safe havens during the COVID─19 pandemic: Gold versus Bitcoin, oil, and oil uncertainty," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 318-332.
  38. Ren, Yi-Shuai & Ma, Chao-Qun & Chen, Xun-Qi & Lei, Yu-Tian & Wang, Yi-Ran, 2023. "Sustainable finance and blockchain: A systematic review and research agenda," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
  39. Acikgoz, Turker, 2025. "Gold and Bitcoin as hedgers and safe havens: Perspective from nonlinear dynamics," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
  40. Abrar, Afsheen & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Karim, Sitara & Lucey, Brian M. & Vigne, Samuel A., 2024. "Shining in or fading out: Do precious metals sparkle for cryptocurrencies?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
  41. Su, Chi-Wei & Pang, Lidong & Umar, Muhammad & Lobonţ, Oana-Ramona & Moldovan, Nicoleta-Claudia, 2022. "Does gold's hedging uncertainty aura fade away?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
  42. Ho, Kin-Hon & Law, Monica & Hou, Yun & Chan, Tse-Tin, 2024. "Spillover analysis on NFTs, NFT-affiliated tokens and NFT submarkets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
  43. Ballis, Antonis & Karagiorgis, Ariston & Anastasiou, Dimitrios & Kallandranis, Christos, 2025. "Cryptocurrency dynamics during global crises: Insights from Bitcoin’s interplay with traditional markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
  44. Möller, Rouven & Reichmann, Doron, 2023. "COVID-19 related TV news and stock returns: Evidence from major US TV stations," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 95-109.
  45. Kumar, Ashish & Iqbal, Najaf & Mitra, Subrata Kumar & Kristoufek, Ladislav & Bouri, Elie, 2022. "Connectedness among major cryptocurrencies in standard times and during the COVID-19 outbreak," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
  46. Ozdemir, Huseyin & Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin, 2021. "A Survey of Hedge and Safe Havens Assets against G-7 Stock Markets before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IZA Discussion Papers 14888, IZA Network @ LISER.
  47. Cai, Yifei & Chang, Hao-Wen & Xiang, Feiyun & Chang, Tsangyao, 2023. "Can precious metals hedge the risks of Sino–US political relation?–Evidence from Toda–Yamamoto causality test in quantiles," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PA).
  48. Zhang, Pengcheng & Kong, Deli & Xu, Kunpeng & Qi, Jiayin, 2024. "Global economic policy uncertainty and the stability of cryptocurrency returns: The role of liquidity volatility," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(PB).
  49. Zhang, Yulian & Hamori, Shigeyuki, 2025. "Portfolio implications based on quantile connectedness among cryptocurrency, stock, energy, and safe-haven assets," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 39(C).
  50. Waqar Badshah & Mohammed Musah & Asad Ul Islam Khan, 2023. "Is the effect of a health crisis symmetric for physical and digital financial assets? An assessment of gold and bitcoin during the pandemic," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(11), pages 1-22, November.
  51. Rui Manuel Dias & Mariana Chambino & Nuno Teixeira & Paulo Alexandre & Paula Heliodoro, 2023. "Balancing Portfolios with Metals: A Safe Haven for Green Energy Investors?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-21, October.
  52. Abubakr Naeem, Muhammad & Iqbal, Najaf & Lucey, Brian M. & Karim, Sitara, 2022. "Good versus bad information transmission in the cryptocurrency market: Evidence from high-frequency data," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
  53. Goodell, John W. & Corbet, Shaen & Yadav, Miklesh Prasad & Kumar, Satish & Sharma, Sudhi & Malik, Kunjana, 2022. "Time and frequency connectedness of green equity indices: Uncovering a socially important link to Bitcoin," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
  54. Ali, Shoaib & Ijaz, Muhammad Shahzad & Yousaf, Imran & Li, Yanshuang, 2023. "Connectedness and portfolio management between renewable energy tokens and metals: Evidence from TVP-VAR approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PA).
  55. Mokni, Khaled & Bouteska, Ahmed & Nakhli, Mohamed Sahbi, 2022. "Investor sentiment and Bitcoin relationship: A quantile-based analysis," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
  56. Azimli, Asil, 2024. "Is gold a safe haven for the U.S. dollar during extreme conditions?," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
  57. Hampl, Filip & Vágnerová Linnertová, Dagmar & Horváth, Matúš, 2024. "Crypto havens during war times? Evidence from the Russian invasion of Ukraine," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
  58. Just, Małgorzata & Echaust, Krzysztof, 2024. "Cryptocurrencies against stock market risk: New insights into hedging effectiveness," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(PA).
  59. Arfaoui, Nadia & Yousaf, Imran & Jareño, Francisco, 2023. "Return and volatility connectedness between gold and energy markets: Evidence from the pre- and post-COVID vaccination phases," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 617-634.
  60. Bentes, Sónia R., 2023. "Is gold a safe haven for the CIVETS countries under extremely adverse market conditions? Some new evidence from the MF-DCCA analysis," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 623(C).
  61. Yousaf, Imran & Jareño, Francisco & Tolentino, Marta, 2023. "Connectedness between Defi assets and equity markets during COVID-19: A sector analysis," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
  62. Hicham Ouakil & Salah Eddine Kartobi & Zakaria Salhi & Zineb Elhachimi, 2026. "Hedging MENA stock markets with gold, oil, and cryptocurrencies: evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia–Ukraine war periods," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 16(1), pages 271-309, March.
  63. Wang, Yuhan & Xiao, Di, 2025. "Novel symbolic detection for flight-to-safety in Bitcoin and investigation of information flow dynamics alongside multiple markets," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 660(C).
  64. Ibrahim D. Raheem & Oluyele Akinkugbe & Agboola H. Yusuf & Mahdi Ghaemi Asl, 2023. "Hedging strategies among financial markets: the case of green and brown assets," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 65(2), pages 831-873, August.
  65. Gao, Wang & Jin, Xiaoman & Zhang, Hongwei & He, Miao, 2025. "The asymmetric response of higher-order moments of precious metals to energy shocks and financial stresses: Evidence from time-frequency connectedness approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
  66. N.S. Al-Nassar & Sabri Boubaker & A. Chaibi & B. Makram, 2023. "In Search of Hedges and Safe Havens during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Gold versus Bitcoin, Oil, and Oil Uncertainty," Post-Print hal-04435437, HAL.
  67. Zeinedini, Shabnam & Karimi, Mohammad Sharif & Khanzadi, Azad & Falahati, Ali, 2024. "Impact of oil and gold prices on Bitcoin price during Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Gaza wars," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
  68. Ustaoglu, Erkan, 2023. "Diversification, hedge, and safe-haven properties of gold and bitcoin with portfolio implications during the Russia–Ukraine war," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
  69. Hoque, Mohammad Enamul & Billah, Mabruk & Alam, Md Rafayet & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar, 2024. "Gold-backed cryptocurrencies: A hedging tool against categorical and regional financial stress," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
  70. Muhammad Naveed & Shoaib Ali & Aviral Kumar Tiwari, 2025. "Tracing the ties that bind: navigating the static and dynamic connectedness between NFTs and equity markets in ASEAN based on QVAR-approach," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 11(1), pages 1-29, December.
  71. Kołodziejczyk, Hanna, 2023. "Stablecoins as diversifiers, hedges and safe havens: A quantile coherency approach," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
  72. Shoaib Ali & Youssef Manel, 2025. "Unlocking the diversification benefits of DeFi for ASEAN stock market portfolios: a quantile study," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 11(1), pages 1-26, December.
  73. Wang, Yizhi & Lucey, Brian M. & Vigne, Samuel A. & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2022. "The Effects of Central Bank Digital Currencies News on Financial Markets," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
  74. Ştefan Cristian Gherghina & Liliana Nicoleta Simionescu, 2023. "Exploring the asymmetric effect of COVID-19 pandemic news on the cryptocurrency market: evidence from nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag approach and frequency domain causality," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-58, December.
  75. Yousaf, Imran & Abrar, Afsheen & Ali, Shoaib & Goodell, John W., 2024. "Connectedness between energy cryptocurrencies and US equity markets: A quantile-based analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PB).
  76. Ahmed BenSaïda, 2023. "The linkage between Bitcoin and foreign exchanges in developed and emerging markets," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-27, December.
  77. Ali, Shoaib & Naveed, Muhammad & Hanif, Hasan & Gubareva, Mariya, 2024. "The resilience of Shariah-compliant investments: Probing the static and dynamic connectedness between gold-backed cryptocurrencies and GCC equity markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  78. Yi Fang & Qirui Tang & Yanru Wang, 2024. "Geopolitical Risk and Cryptocurrency Market Volatility," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 60(14), pages 3254-3270, November.
  79. Khan, Muhammad Asif & Khan, Farhad & Sharif, Arshian & Suleman, Muhammad Tahir, 2023. "Dynamic linkages between Islamic equity indices, oil prices, gold prices, and news-based uncertainty: New insights from partial and multiple wavelet coherence," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
  80. Qin, Meng & Su, Chi-Wei & Pirtea, Marilen Gabriel & Dumitrescu Peculea, Adelina, 2023. "The essential role of Russian geopolitics: A fresh perception into the gold market," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
  81. Shang, Yue & Wei, Yu & Chen, Yongfei, 2022. "Cryptocurrency policy uncertainty and gold return forecasting: A dynamic Occam's window approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
  82. Echaust, Krzysztof & Just, Małgorzata & Kliber, Agata, 2024. "To hedge or not to hedge? Cryptocurrencies, gold and oil against stock market risk," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
  83. Ali, Shoaib & Umar, Muhammad & Gubareva, Mariya & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2024. "Extreme connectedness between NFTs and US equity market: A sectoral analysis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 299-315.
  84. Chen, Ruoyu & Iqbal, Najaf & Irfan, Muhammad & Shahzad, Farrukh & Fareed, Zeeshan, 2022. "Does financial stress wreak havoc on banking, insurance, oil, and gold markets? New empirics from the extended joint connectedness of TVP-VAR model," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
  85. Kuan-Min Wang & Yuan-Ming Lee, 2023. "Are life insurance futures a safe haven during COVID-19?," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-27, December.
  86. Abdulrazak Nur Mohamed & Idiris Sid Ali Mohamed, 2023. "Precious Metals and Oil Price Dynamics," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(6), pages 119-128, November.
  87. Marinescu, Ion-Iulian & Mirza, Nawazish & Horobet, Alexandra & Belascu, Lucian, 2025. "Hedging uncertainty: Bitcoin's asymmetric diversification benefits in factor-based portfolios," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
  88. An Pham Ngoc Nguyen & Marija Bezbradica & Martin Crane, 2025. "Community-level Contagion among Diverse Financial Assets," Papers 2509.15232, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2026.
  89. Nevi Danila, 2025. "Connectedness of Dynamic Volatility Over Green Cryptos, the ESG Indices, and Gold: TVP-VAR Approach," SAGE Open, , vol. 15(3), pages 21582440251, July.
  90. Vieira, Duarte Saldanha & Carvalho, Paulo Viegas de & Curto, José Dias & Laureano, Luís, 2023. "Gold's hedging and safe haven properties for European stock and bond markets," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
  91. Piñeiro-Chousa, Juan & Šević, Aleksandar & González-López, Isaac, 2023. "Impact of social metrics in decentralized finance," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
  92. Nitithumbundit, Thanakorn & Chan, Jennifer S.K., 2022. "Covid-19 impact on Cryptocurrencies market using Multivariate Time Series Models," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 365-375.
  93. Chen, Peng & Miao, Xinru & Tee, Kai-Hong, 2023. "Do gold prices respond more to uncertainty shocks at the zero lower bound?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PA).
  94. Al-Fayoumi, Nedal & Abuzayed, Bana & Bouri, Elie & Arfaoui, Nadia, 2025. "Oil price shocks and green investments: Upside risks, hedging, and safe-haven properties," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
  95. Sudhi Sharma & Miklesh Prasad Yadav & Indira Bharadwaj & Reepu, 2025. "In the Era of 4th Industrial Revolution- Are Technology-Based Assets and Green Equity Index Safe Investments with Developed and Emerging Market Index?," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 32(4), pages 1189-1209, December.
  96. Chkili, Walid & Ben Rejeb, Aymen & Arfaoui, Mongi, 2021. "Does bitcoin provide hedge to Islamic stock markets for pre- and during COVID-19 outbreak? A comparative analysis with gold," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
  97. Oliyide, Johnson A. & Adekoya, Oluwasegun B. & Marie, Mohamed & Al-Faryan, Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh, 2023. "Green finance and commodities: Cross-market connectedness during different COVID-19 episodes," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
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