IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/reveco/v91y2024icp299-315.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Extreme connectedness between NFTs and US equity market: A sectoral analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Ali, Shoaib
  • Umar, Muhammad
  • Gubareva, Mariya
  • Vo, Xuan Vinh

Abstract

This study examines the returns connectedness between NFTs and US sector stock markets. For this purpose, we use the recently developed technique of quantile-based regression to explore the dependence structure under various conditions. Our results support the view that connectedness between NFTs and sectoral markets is characterized by asymmetry and heterogeneity in the extreme conditions compared to the median quantile and mean-based approach. Under normal conditions, all NFTs except the ENJ are net recipients of the return spillover from the sectoral stock markets, whereas, financial, consumer staple, and industrial stocks are major net transmitters to the system. However, we observe heterogeneity at both tails, as all NFTs act as net transmitter (recipient) at the higher (lower) quantiles. This confirms the asymmetric dependence structure. We also compute the static optimal weights and hedge ratios using TVP-VAR model for the stocks/NFTs portfolios and show that investors and portfolio managers may consider including NFTs in their holdings to achieve diversification benefits.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali, Shoaib & Umar, Muhammad & Gubareva, Mariya & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2024. "Extreme connectedness between NFTs and US equity market: A sectoral analysis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 299-315.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:reveco:v:91:y:2024:i:c:p:299-315
    DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2024.01.037
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1059056024000388
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.iref.2024.01.037?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Imran Yousaf & Shoaib Ali, 2020. "Discovering interlinkages between major cryptocurrencies using high-frequency data: new evidence from COVID-19 pandemic," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 6(1), pages 1-18, December.
    2. Umar, Zaghum & Gubareva, Mariya, 2021. "Faith-based investments and the Covid-19 pandemic: Analyzing equity volatility and media coverage time-frequency relations," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    3. Ali, Shoaib & Ijaz, Muhammad Shahzad & Yousaf, Imran, 2023. "Dynamic spillovers and portfolio risk management between defi and metals: Empirical evidence from the Covid-19," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    4. Tan, Xueping & Geng, Yong & Vivian, Andrew & Wang, Xinyu, 2021. "Measuring risk spillovers between oil and clean energy stocks: Evidence from a systematic framework," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    5. Chemkha, Rahma & BenSaïda, Ahmed & Ghorbel, Ahmed & Tayachi, Tahar, 2021. "Hedge and safe haven properties during COVID-19: Evidence from Bitcoin and gold," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 71-85.
    6. Gubareva, Mariya & Bossman, Ahmed & Teplova, Tamara, 2023. "Stablecoins as the cornerstone in the linkage between the digital and conventional financial markets," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    7. Saeed, Tareq & Bouri, Elie & Alsulami, Hamed, 2021. "Extreme return connectedness and its determinants between clean/green and dirty energy investments," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    8. Yousaf, Imran & Gubareva, Mariya & Teplova, Tamara, 2023. "Connectedness of non-fungible tokens and conventional cryptocurrencies with metals," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    9. Gunay, Samet & Goodell, John W. & Muhammed, Shahnawaz & Kirimhan, Destan, 2023. "Frequency connectedness between FinTech, NFT and DeFi: Considering linkages to investor sentiment," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    10. Aharon, David Y. & Demir, Ender, 2022. "NFTs and asset class spillovers: Lessons from the period around the COVID-19 pandemic," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PA).
    11. Ali, Shoaib & Moussa, Faten & Youssef, Manel, 2023. "Connectedness between cryptocurrencies using high-frequency data: A novel insight from the Silicon Valley Banks collapse," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PB).
    12. Yousaf, Imran & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2022. "Static and dynamic connectedness between NFTs, Defi and other assets: Portfolio implication," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    13. Akhtaruzzaman, Md & Boubaker, Sabri & Lucey, Brian M. & Sensoy, Ahmet, 2021. "Is gold a hedge or a safe-haven asset in the COVID–19 crisis?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    14. Ali, Omar & Momin, Mujtaba & Shrestha, Anup & Das, Ronnie & Alhajj, Fadia & Dwivedi, Yogesh K., 2023. "A review of the key challenges of non-fungible tokens," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    15. Yousaf, Imran & Abrar, Afsheen & Goodell, John W., 2023. "Connectedness between travel & tourism tokens, tourism equity, and other assets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    16. Pesaran, H. Hashem & Shin, Yongcheol, 1998. "Generalized impulse response analysis in linear multivariate models," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(1), pages 17-29, January.
    17. Kinateder, Harald & Campbell, Ross & Choudhury, Tonmoy, 2021. "Safe haven in GFC versus COVID-19: 100 turbulent days in the financial markets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    18. Pacelli, Vincenzo & Miglietta, Federica & Foglia, Matteo, 2022. "The extreme risk connectedness of the new financial system: European evidence," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    19. Wang, Yizhi, 2022. "Volatility spillovers across NFTs news attention and financial markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    20. Karim, Sitara & Lucey, Brian M. & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Uddin, Gazi Salah, 2022. "Examining the interrelatedness of NFTs, DeFi tokens and cryptocurrencies," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PB).
    21. Umar, Zaghum & Gubareva, Mariya & Teplova, Tamara & Tran, Dang K., 2022. "Covid-19 impact on NFTs and major asset classes interrelations: Insights from the wavelet coherence analysis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PB).
    22. Dowling, Michael, 2022. "Fertile LAND: Pricing non-fungible tokens," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    23. Ali, Shoaib & Ijaz, Muhammad Shahzad & Yousaf, Imran & Li, Yanshuang, 2023. "Connectedness and portfolio management between renewable energy tokens and metals: Evidence from TVP-VAR approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PA).
    24. Goodell, John W. & Yadav, Miklesh Prasad & Ruan, Junhu & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul & Malhotra, Nidhi, 2023. "Traditional assets, digital assets and renewable energy: Investigating connectedness during COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PA).
    25. Umar, Muhammad & Riaz, Yasir & Yousaf, Imran, 2022. "Impact of Russian-Ukraine war on clean energy, conventional energy, and metal markets: Evidence from event study approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    26. Umar, Zaghum & Gubareva, Mariya, 2020. "A time–frequency analysis of the impact of the Covid-19 induced panic on the volatility of currency and cryptocurrency markets," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(C).
    27. Kroner, Kenneth F. & Sultan, Jahangir, 1993. "Time-Varying Distributions and Dynamic Hedging with Foreign Currency Futures," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 28(4), pages 535-551, December.
    28. Kumar, Sanjeev & Patel, Ritesh & Iqbal, Najaf & Gubareva, Mariya, 2023. "Interconnectivity among cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and DeFi: Evidence from the Russia-Ukraine conflict," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    29. Shoaib Ali & Imran Yousaf & Zaghum Umar, 2022. "Infectious disease (COVID-19)-related uncertainty and the safe-haven features of bonds markets," Review of Behavioral Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 15(4), pages 477-487, February.
    30. Chortane, Sana Gaied & Pandey, Dharen Kumar, 2022. "Does the Russia-Ukraine war lead to currency asymmetries? A US dollar tale," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 26(C).
    31. Tomohiro Ando & Matthew Greenwood-Nimmo & Yongcheol Shin, 2022. "Quantile Connectedness: Modeling Tail Behavior in the Topology of Financial Networks," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(4), pages 2401-2431, April.
    32. Dowling, Michael, 2022. "Is non-fungible token pricing driven by cryptocurrencies?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    33. Huynh, Toan Luu Duc & Foglia, Matteo & Nasir, Muhammad Ali & Angelini, Eliana, 2021. "Feverish sentiment and global equity markets during the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 1088-1108.
    34. Yousaf, Imran & Nekhili, Ramzi & Gubareva, Mariya, 2022. "Linkages between DeFi assets and conventional currencies: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    35. Gubareva, Mariya, 2021. "The impact of Covid-19 on liquidity of emerging market bonds," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    36. Diebold, Francis X. & Yilmaz, Kamil, 2012. "Better to give than to receive: Predictive directional measurement of volatility spillovers," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 57-66.
    37. Kroner, Kenneth F & Ng, Victor K, 1998. "Modeling Asymmetric Comovements of Asset Returns," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 11(4), pages 817-844.
    38. Khuloud M. Alawadhi & Nour Alshamali, 2022. "NFTs Emergence in Financial Markets and their Correlation with DeFis and Cryptocurrencies," Applied Economics and Finance, Redfame publishing, vol. 9(1), pages 108-120, December.
    39. Yousaf, Imran & Nekhili, Ramzi & Umar, Muhammad, 2022. "Extreme connectedness between renewable energy tokens and fossil fuel markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    40. Maouchi, Youcef & Charfeddine, Lanouar & El Montasser, Ghassen, 2022. "Understanding digital bubbles amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from DeFi and NFTs," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PA).
    41. Ersan, Oguz & Demir, Ender & Assaf, Ata, 2022. "Connectedness among fan tokens and stocks of football clubs," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    42. Jareño, Francisco & Yousaf, Imran, 2023. "Artificial intelligence-based tokens: Fresh evidence of connectedness with artificial intelligence-based equities," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ali, Shoaib & Al-Nassar, Nassar S. & Naveed, Muhammad, 2024. "Bridging the gap: Uncovering static and dynamic relationships between digital assets and BRICS equity markets," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    2. Yousaf, Imran & Zeitun, Rami & Ali, Shoaib & Palma, Alessia, 2024. "Impact of tokenization on financial investments: Exploring connectedness through the case of transport and travel/tourism sectors," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 62(PB).
    3. Wang, Yi & Ali, Shoaib & Ayaz, Muhammad, 2024. "Equity markets and ESG dynamics: Assessing spillovers and portfolio strategies through time-varying parameters," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ali, Shoaib & Al-Nassar, Nassar S. & Naveed, Muhammad, 2024. "Bridging the gap: Uncovering static and dynamic relationships between digital assets and BRICS equity markets," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    2. Ali, Shoaib & Naveed, Muhammad & Hanif, Hasan & Gubareva, Mariya, 2024. "The resilience of Shariah-compliant investments: Probing the static and dynamic connectedness between gold-backed cryptocurrencies and GCC equity markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    3. Yousaf, Imran & Jareño, Francisco & Tolentino, Marta, 2023. "Connectedness between Defi assets and equity markets during COVID-19: A sector analysis," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    4. Ali, Shoaib & Naveed, Muhammad & Youssef, Manel & Yousaf, Imran, 2024. "FinTech-powered integration: Navigating the static and dynamic connectedness between GCC equity markets and renewable energy cryptocurrencies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    5. Zhang, Wenting & Liu, Tiantian & Zhang, Yulian & Hamori, Shigeyuki, 2024. "Can NFTs hedge the risk of traditional assets after the COVID-19 pandemic?," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    6. Ali, Shoaib & Ijaz, Muhammad Shahzad & Yousaf, Imran, 2023. "Dynamic spillovers and portfolio risk management between defi and metals: Empirical evidence from the Covid-19," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    7. Mensi, Walid & Gubareva, Mariya & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2024. "Frequency connectedness between DeFi and cryptocurrency markets," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 12-27.
    8. Yousaf, Imran & Assaf, Ata & Demir, Ender, 2024. "Relationship between real estate tokens and other asset classes: Evidence from quantile connectedness approach," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    9. Yousaf, Imran & Youssef, Manel & Goodell, John W., 2024. "Tail connectedness between artificial intelligence tokens, artificial intelligence ETFs, and traditional asset classes," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    10. Abdullah, Mohammad & Sarker, Provash Kumer & Abakah, Emmanuel Joel Aikins & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Rehman, Mohd Ziaur, 2024. "Tail risk intersection between tech-tokens and tech-stocks," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    11. Yousaf, Imran & Ali, Shoaib & Marei, Mohamed & Gubareva, Mariya, 2024. "Spillovers and hedging effectiveness between islamic cryptocurrency and metal markets: Evidence from the COVID-19 outbreak," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 1126-1151.
    12. Ghosh, Bikramaditya & Pham, Linh & Gubareva, Mariya & Teplova, Tamara, 2023. "Energy transition metals and global sentiment: Evidence from extreme quantiles," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PA).
    13. Elie Bouri & Matteo Foglia & Sayar Karmakar & Rangan Gupta, 2024. "Return-Volatility Nexus in the Digital Asset Class: A Dynamic Multilayer Connectedness Analysis," Working Papers 202432, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
    14. Ali, Shoaib & Umar, Muhammad & Naveed, Muhammad & Shan, Shan, 2024. "Assessing the impact of renewable energy tokens on BRICS stock markets: A new diversification approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    15. Ali, Shoaib & Ijaz, Muhammad Shahzad & Yousaf, Imran & Li, Yanshuang, 2023. "Connectedness and portfolio management between renewable energy tokens and metals: Evidence from TVP-VAR approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PA).
    16. Lei, Heng & Xue, Minggao & Ye, Jing, 2024. "The nexus between ReFi, carbon, fossil energy, and clean energy assets: Quantile time–frequency connectedness and portfolio implications," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    17. Ho, Kin-Hon & Law, Monica & Hou, Yun & Chan, Tse-Tin, 2024. "Spillover analysis on NFTs, NFT-affiliated tokens and NFT submarkets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    18. Wang, Yi & Ali, Shoaib & Ayaz, Muhammad, 2024. "Equity markets and ESG dynamics: Assessing spillovers and portfolio strategies through time-varying parameters," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    19. Cagli, Efe Caglar & Mandaci, Pinar Evrim, 2023. "Time and frequency connectedness of uncertainties in cryptocurrency, stock, currency, energy, and precious metals markets," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    20. Foglia, Matteo & Maci, Giampiero & Pacelli, Vincenzo, 2024. "FinTech and fan tokens: Understanding the risks spillover of digital asset investment," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:reveco:v:91:y:2024:i:c:p:299-315. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/620165 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.