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Children and the Remaining Gender Gaps in the Labor Market

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Sébastien Fontenay & Ilan Tojerow, 2025. "Sickness absences among young mothers and the child penalty in employment," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 625-660, June.
  2. Teodora Boneva & Ana Brás-Monteiro & Marta Golin & Christopher Rauh, 2024. "Are Men’s Preferences for Couple Equity Misperceived? Evidence from Six Countries," CESifo Working Paper Series 11536, CESifo.
  3. Blau, Francine D., 2024. "Gender Inequality in the Labor Market: Continuing Progress?," IZA Discussion Papers 17558, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  4. Daniel Chiquiar & Aldo Heffner, 2024. "Efectos heterogéneos de la pandemia del COVID-19 sobre el empleo femenino y masculino en México/Heterogeneous effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Mexico’s female and male employment," Estudios Económicos, El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Económicos, vol. 39(1), pages 3-59.
  5. Jonas Jessen & Lavinia Kinne & Michele Battisti, 2024. "Child Penalties in Labour Market Skills," CEPA Discussion Papers 81, Center for Economic Policy Analysis.
  6. Hatsor, Limor & Shurtz, Ity, 2024. "Breastfeeding and the return to work after childbirth of new mothers: evidence from a baby formula scare," EconStor Preprints 306141, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
  7. Sasiwimon Warunsiri Paweenawat & Lusi Liao, 2024. "Who Suffers the Most During the COVID‐19 Pandemic? Evidence From Thailand," The Developing Economies, Institute of Developing Economies, vol. 62(3), pages 238-268, September.
  8. Karademir, Sencer & Laliberté, Jean-William & Staubli, Stefan, 2023. "The Multigenerational Impact of Children and Childcare Policies," IZA Discussion Papers 15894, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  9. Boinet, Césarine & Norris, Jonathan & Romiti, Agnese & Shi, Zhan & Telemo, Paul, 2024. "Beliefs on Children's Human Capital Formation and Mothers at Work," IZA Discussion Papers 17574, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  10. Henrik Kleven & Camille Landais & Johanna Posch & Andreas Steinhauer & Josef Zweimüller, 2024. "Do Family Policies Reduce Gender Inequality? Evidence from 60 Years of Policy Experimentation," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 16(2), pages 110-149, May.
  11. Chae, Minhee & Liang, Wenquan & Xue, Sen, 2025. "Pandemics and intergenerational mobility in education: Evidence from the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic in China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
  12. Jordy Meekes & Wolter H J Hassink & Guyonne Kalb, 2023. "Essential work and emergency childcare: identifying gender differences in COVID-19 effects on labour demand and supply," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 75(2), pages 393-417.
  13. Alessandra Casarico & Salvatore Lattanzio, 2023. "Behind the child penalty: understanding what contributes to the labour market costs of motherhood," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 36(3), pages 1489-1511, July.
  14. Kleven, Henrik Jacobsen & Olivero, Giulia & Patacchini, Eleonora, 2024. "Child Penalties and Parental Role Models: Classroom Exposure Effects," IZA Discussion Papers 17309, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  15. Keller, Wolfgang & Molina, Teresa & Olney, William W., 2023. "The gender gap among top business executives," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 270-286.
  16. Zhang, Mingxue & Wang, Yue & Hou, Lingling, 2024. "Gender norms and the child penalty in China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 277-291.
  17. Jaan Masso & Jaanika Meriküll & Liis Roosaar & Kärt Rõigas & Tiiu Paas, 2024. "What Determines The Gender Pay Gap In Academia?," University of Tartu - Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Working Paper Series 147, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu (Estonia).
  18. David Dorn & Florian Schoner & Moritz Seebacher & Lisa Simon & Ludger Woessmann, 2024. "Multidimensional Skills on LinkedIn Profiles: Measuring Human Capital and the Gender Skill Gap," Papers 2409.18638, arXiv.org, revised May 2025.
  19. Blau, Francine D. & Lynch, Lisa M., 2024. "50 Years of Breakthroughs and Barriers: Women in Economics, Policy, and Leadership," IZA Discussion Papers 17295, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  20. Doerr, Annabelle, 2022. "Vocational training for female job returners - Effects on employment, earnings and job quality," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
  21. Musayir, Arlan & Arabsheibani, Reza, 2025. "Motherhood and Informality: Empirical Evidence from Russia," IZA Discussion Papers 17916, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  22. Luis Guirola & Laura Hospido & Libertad González, 2024. "Fathers' Time-Use while on Paternity Leave: Childcare or Leisure?," Working Papers 1463, Barcelona School of Economics.
  23. Glogowsky, Ulrich & Hansen, Emanuel & Sachs, Dominik & Lüthen, Holger, 2025. "The evolution of child-related gender inequality in Germany and the role of family policies, 1960–2018," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
  24. repec:osf:osfxxx:ch8uk_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
  25. Diallo, Yaya & Lange, Fabian & Renée, Laetitia, 2024. "Can paternity leave reduce the gender earnings gap?," CLEF Working Paper Series 77, Canadian Labour Economics Forum (CLEF), University of Waterloo.
  26. Albanesi, Stefania & Prados, María, 2022. "Slowing Women's Labor Force Participation: The Role of Income Inequality," CEPR Discussion Papers 16920, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  27. Kolasa, Aleksandra, 2024. "Welfare and economic implications of universal child benefits," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
  28. Meng, Lingsheng & Zhang, Yunbin & Zou, Ben, 2023. "The motherhood penalty in China: Magnitudes, trends, and the role of grandparenting," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 105-132.
  29. Zhang, Dandan & Liu, Yaxuan & Zhao, Yiling, 2024. "Working mothers' dilemma during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
  30. Dorn, David & Schoner, Florian & Seebacher, Moritz & Simon, Lisa & Woessmann, Ludger, 2025. "Multidimensional Skills on LinkedIn Profiles: Measuring Human Capital and the Gender Skill Gap," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 754, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
  31. Garrett Anstreicher & Joanna Venator, 2022. "To Grandmother’s House We Go: Childcare Time Transfers and Female Labor Mobility," Boston College Working Papers in Economics 1051, Boston College Department of Economics.
  32. Berniell, Inés & Berniell, Lucila & de la Mata, Dolores & Edo, María & Fawaz, Yarine & Machado, Matilde P. & Marchionni, Mariana, 2022. "Motherhood, pregnancy or marriage effects?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
  33. Goldin, Claudia & Kerr, Sari Pekkala & Olivetti, Claudia, 2024. "The parental pay gap over the life cycle: Children, jobs, and labor supply," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
  34. Jiang, Xu & Wang, Xianghong, 2024. "Gender difference in leaders framed with responsibility or authority: An experimental study," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
  35. Chegere, Martin J. & Falco, Paolo & Menzel, Andreas, 2024. "Social ties at work and effort choice: Experimental evidence from Tanzania," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
  36. Yung-Yu Tsai & Hsing-Wen Han & Kuang-Ta Lo & Tzu-Ting Yang, 2022. "The Effect of Financial Resources on Fertility: Evidence fromAdministrative Data on Lottery Winners," IEAS Working Paper : academic research 22-A007, Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
  37. Hanson, Gordon H. & Moretti, Enrico, 2025. "Where Have All the Good Jobs Gone? Changes in the Geography of Work in the U.S., 1980-2021," SocArXiv z6qkn_v1, Center for Open Science.
  38. Luis Guirola & Laura Hospido & Andrea Weber, 2024. "Family and career: an analysis across Europe and North America," Fiscal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 45(2), pages 243-257, June.
  39. Canavire Bacarreza, Gustavo J. & Yanez, Gunnar Poppe, 2024. "Can Children's Education Enhance Formal Female Labor Force Participation?," IZA Discussion Papers 17429, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  40. Yung-Yu Tsai & Hsing-Wen Han & Kuang-Ta Lo & Tzu-Ting Yang, 2022. "The Effect of Financial Resources on Fertility: Evidence from Administrative Data on Lottery Winners," Papers 2212.06223, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2023.
  41. Riccardo Leoncini & Mariele Macaluso & Annalivia Polselli, 2024. "Gender segregation: analysis across sectoral dominance in the UK labour market," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 67(5), pages 2289-2343, November.
  42. Jessen, Jonas, 2022. "Culture, children and couple gender inequality," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
  43. Dominique Meurs & Pierre Pora, 2025. "Traditional Views, Egalitarian Views, and the Child Penalty: Insights from Immigrant Populations in France," EconomiX Working Papers 2025-10, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
  44. Frech, Maria & Maideu-Morera, Gerard, 2024. "The Hidden Demand for Flexibility: a Theory for Gendered Employment Dynamics," TSE Working Papers 24-1588, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
  45. Firouzi Naeim, Peyman & Johnston, David W. & Naghsh Nejad, Maryam, 2025. "Balancing Work and Care: How Workplace Factors Can Mitigate the Gendered Impacts of Caregiving," IZA Discussion Papers 17850, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  46. Alessandra Casarico & Elena Del Rey & Jose I. Silva, 2023. "Child care costs, household liquidity constraints, and gender inequality," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 36(3), pages 1461-1487, July.
  47. Inés Berniell & Lucila Berniell & Dolores de la Mata & María Edo & Yarine Fawaz & Matilde P. Machado & Mariana Marchionni, 2020. "Motherhood and the Allocation of Talent," CEDLAS, Working Papers 0270, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
  48. Averkamp, Dorothée, 2024. "The Gender Wage Gap, Labor-Market Experience, and Family Choices: Lessons from East Germany?," VfS Annual Conference 2024 (Berlin): Upcoming Labor Market Challenges 302347, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
  49. David Dorn & Florian Schoner & Moritz Seebacher & Lisa Simon & Ludger Woessmann, 2025. "Multidimensional Skills on LinkedIn Profiles: Measuring Human Capital and the Gender Skill Gap," Rationality and Competition Discussion Paper Series 533, CRC TRR 190 Rationality and Competition.
  50. Tomás R. Martinez & Antonio Martins-Neto & Ursula Mello, 2024. "Gender and Top Lifetime Earnings Inequality: Ten New Facts from Brazil," Business and Economics Working Papers 242, Unidade de Negocios e Economia, Insper.
  51. Masayuki MORIKAWA, 2025. "Female Workers and Firms’ Productivity and Wages," Discussion papers 25008, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
  52. Mariana Marchionni & Julián Pedrazzi, 2023. "The Last Hurdle? Unyielding Motherhood Effects in the Context of Declining Gender Inequality in Latin America," CEDLAS, Working Papers 0321, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
  53. Kuanysh ALPYSBAYEV & Aizhan MUKHAMADIYEVA & Meruert KANABEKOVA & Arailym ORAZGALIYEVA & Balapanova ELMIRA, 2024. "Gender Analysis Of The Global Labour Market And Comparative Analysis Of Kazakhstan, 2019-2021," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 24(1), pages 1-18.
  54. Åslund, Olof & Karimi, Arizo & Sundberg, Anton, 2025. "Origin, norms, and the motherhood penalty," Working Paper Series 2025:1, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
  55. Ana Costa-Ramón & Ursina Schaede & Michaela Slotwinski & Anne Ardila Brenøe, 2024. "(Not) thinking about the future: inattention and maternal labor supply," ECON - Working Papers 452, Department of Economics - University of Zurich.
  56. Shi, Xinjie & Huangfu, Bingyu & Jin, Songqing & Gao, Xuwen, 2024. "Property rights, labor reallocation, and gender inequality in rural China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 325-342.
  57. Matti Keloharju & Samuli Knüpfer & Joacim Tåg, 2022. "What prevents women from reaching the top?," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 51(3), pages 711-738, September.
  58. Malte Sandner & Ipek Yükselen, 2025. "Unraveling the gender wage gap: Exploring early career patterns among university graduates," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 72(2), May.
  59. Yaron Zelekha, 2024. "The effect of spouses on the entrepreneurial gender gap," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 2481-2514, December.
  60. Emery, Jamie M., 2022. "Who pays the child penalty? Evidence from the panel study of income dynamics," CLEF Working Paper Series 43, Canadian Labour Economics Forum (CLEF), University of Waterloo.
  61. Mathias Jensen & Abigail Adams & Barbara Petrongolo, 2024. "Birth Timing and Spacing: Implications for Parental Leave Dynamics and Child Penalties," Economics Series Working Papers 1048, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
  62. Baertsch, Laurenz & Sandner, Malte, 2024. "Reducing the Child Penalty by Incentivizing Maternal Part-Time Work?," IZA Discussion Papers 17109, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  63. Hélène Périvier & Gregory Verdugo, 2021. "Can parental leave be shared?," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-03364048, HAL.
  64. Anikó Bíró & Péter Elek & Dániel Prinz & László Sándor, 2024. "Tax evasion and the contribution-benefit link: the case of maternity benefits," IFS Working Papers W24/57, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
  65. Zhou, Xiaoyao & Ye, Jingjing & Li, Hao & Yu, Hongyan, 2022. "The rising child penalty in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
  66. Céline Piton, 2022. "The labour market performance of vulnerable groups: towards a better understanding of the main driving forces," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/352519, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
  67. Cheung, T. Terry & Kan, Kamhon & Yang, Tzu-Ting, 2025. "Parental responses to child disability: Gender differences and relative earnings," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
  68. Das, Debasmita, 2022. "Child-rearing, Social Security and Married Women’s Labor Supply over the Life Cycle," MPRA Paper 117614, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 10 Sep 2022.
  69. Lara Lebedinski & Cristiano Perugini & Marko Vladisavljević, 2023. "Child penalty in Russia: evidence from an event study," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 173-215, March.
  70. Alessandra Casarico & Edoardo Di Porto & Joanna Kopinska & Salvatore Lattanzio, 2025. "Leave and Let Leave: Workplace Peer Effects in Fathers’ Take-up of Parental Leave," CESifo Working Paper Series 11795, CESifo.
  71. Chan Yu, 2024. "The impacts of trade liberalization on the local labor market: Older women are especially vulnerable," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(3), pages 693-777, August.
  72. Leila Gautham, 2022. "It Takes a Village: Childcare and Women's Paid Employment in India," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 48(3), pages 795-828, September.
  73. Estefanía Galván & Cecilia Parada & Martina Querejeta & Soledad Salvador, 2024. "Gender Gaps and Family Leaves in Latin America," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 387-414, June.
  74. Breno Braga & Olga Malkova, 2024. "Time to Grow Up? Adult Children as Determinants of Parental Labor Supply," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 22(1), pages 230-262.
  75. Taiyo FUKAI & Ayako KONDO, 2025. "Parental Earnings Trajectories around Childbirth in Japan: Evidence from local tax records," Discussion papers 25012, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
  76. Adams-Prassl, Abi & Jensen, Mathias Fjællegaard & Petrongolo, Barbara, 2024. "Birth Timing and Spacing: Implications for Parental Leave Dynamics and Child Penalties," IZA Discussion Papers 17438, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  77. Borghorst, Malte & Mulalic, Ismir & van Ommeren, Jos, 2024. "Commuting, gender and children," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
  78. Kefa Simiyu, 2025. "Unpaid work, time use, and time poverty in Kenya," Working Paper Reihe der AK Wien - Materialien zu Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft 261, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik.
  79. Riccardo Leoncini & Mariele Macaluso & Annalivia Polselli, 2023. "Gender Segregation: Analysis across Sectoral-Dominance in the UK Labour Market," Papers 2303.04539, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2023.
  80. Benny, Liza & Bhalotra, Sonia & Fernández, Manuel, 2021. "Occupation flexibility and the graduate gender wage gap in the UK," ISER Working Paper Series 2021-05, Institute for Social and Economic Research.
  81. Lara Lebedinski & Bernd Liedl & Vegard Skirbekk & Nadia Steiber & Rudolf Winter-Ebmer, 2025. "Faith and the Child Penalty: Religious Affiliation and Gendered Earnings Losses After Childbirth," Economics working papers 2025-07, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
  82. Michelle Barrett & Karina Doorley & Paul Redmond & Barra Roantree, 2022. "How Has the Gender Earnings Gap in Ireland Changed in Thirty Years?," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-21, August.
  83. Doerr, Annabelle, 2022. "Vocational Training for Female Job Returners - Effects on Employment, Earnings and Job Quality," Working papers 2022/02, Faculty of Business and Economics - University of Basel.
  84. Meekes, Jordy & Hassink, Wolter H.J., 2022. "Gender differences in job flexibility: Commutes and working hours after job loss," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
  85. repec:ags:aaea22:335534 is not listed on IDEAS
  86. Koopmans, Pim & van Lent, Max & Been, Jim, 2024. "Child Penalties and the Gender Gap in Home Production and the Labor Market," IZA Discussion Papers 16871, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  87. Shaofeng Xu & Jie Feng, 2024. "Home production and time use in an epidemic," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 57(4), pages 1391-1433, November.
  88. Gould, Eric D. & Lichtinger, Guy, 2024. "Child Penalties, Child Outcomes, and Family Culture," IZA Discussion Papers 17455, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  89. Okuyama, Yoko & Murooka, Takeshi & Yamaguchi, Shintaro, 2025. "Unpacking the Child Penalty Using Personnel Data: How Promotion Practices Widen the Gender Pay Gap," IZA Discussion Papers 17673, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  90. Healy, Olivia & Heissel, Jennifer A., 2024. "Baby Bumps in the Road: The Impact of Parenthood on Job Performance, Human Capital, and Career Advancement," IZA Discussion Papers 16743, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  91. Bosworth, Steven J. & Della Giusta, Marina, 2024. "When Matthew Met Larry: Explaining the Persistence of Gender Underrepresentation in High Status Organizations," IZA Discussion Papers 17460, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  92. Lago, Manuel E. & Samahita, Margaret & Doyle, Orla, 2025. "Unraveling gender norms: Social and personal norms in the preferential promotion of women," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
  93. Stefania Albanesi & Maria Jose Prados, 2022. "Slowing Women’s Labor Force Participation: The Role of Income Inequality," Working Papers 2022-037, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group.
  94. Dorothée Averkamp & Christian Bredemeier & Falko Juessen, 2024. "Decomposing gender wage gaps: a family economics perspective," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 126(1), pages 3-37, January.
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