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The distribution of material footprints in Germany

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  • Pothen, Frank
  • Tovar Reaños, Miguel Angel

Abstract

This study investigates the within-country heterogeneity of material footprints implied by households' consumption in Germany. Material footprints are defined as the amount of biomass, minerals, and fossil fuels extracted to produce the goods that households consume. Combining input-output data with households' consumption expenditures from the German sample survey of income and expenditure (EVS), we present the first comprehensive study on the distribution of material footprints among households, highlighting hot spots of unsustainable consumption patterns by household groups. Households in the quartile with the highest consumption expenditures have material footprints three times as large as those in the quartile with the lowest expenditures. Results of a microeconomic model of household's consumption behaviour estimated on the EVS data suggest that price-based instruments can reduce material footprints of luxury consumption such as leisure and private transport without imposing large burdens on low-affluence households. The material footprints caused by energy consumption do not react sensitively to price changes, suggesting that non-price policies are more effective to reduce them.

Suggested Citation

  • Pothen, Frank & Tovar Reaños, Miguel Angel, 2018. "The distribution of material footprints in Germany," ZEW Discussion Papers 18-022, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:zewdip:18022
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    4. Jacksohn, Anke & Tovar Reaños, Miguel Angel & Pothen, Frank & Rehdanz, Katrin, 2023. "Trends in household demand and greenhouse gas footprints in Germany: Evidence from microdata of the last 20 years," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    5. van der Ploeg, Frederick & Rezai, Armon & Tovar Reanos, Miguel, 2022. "Gathering support for green tax reform: Evidence from German household surveys," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    6. André, Mathias & Bourgeois, Alexandre & Combet, Emmanuel & Lequien, Matthieu & Pottier, Antonin, 2024. "Challenges in measuring the distribution of carbon footprints: The role of product and price heterogeneity," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    7. Ferreira, João-Pedro & Marques, João Lourenço & Moreno Pires, Sara & Iha, Katsunori & Galli, Alessandro, 2023. "Supporting national-level policies for sustainable consumption in Portugal: A socio-economic Ecological Footprint analysis," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    8. Shuai Zhang & Dajian Zhu & Lilian Li, 2023. "Urbanization, Human Inequality, and Material Consumption," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-18, March.
    9. Edenhofer, Ottmar & Flachsland, Christian & Kalkuhl, Matthias & Knopf, Brigitte & Pahle, Michael, 2019. "Optionen für eine CO2-Preisreform," Working Papers 04/2019, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung.
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    11. Preuß, Malte & Reuter, Wolf Heinrich & Schmidt, Christoph M., 2019. "Verteilungswirkung einer CO2-Bepreisung in Deutschland," Working Papers 08/2019, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung.
    12. Reaños, Miguel Tovar & De Bruin, Kelly & Meier, David & Yakut, Aykut Mert, 2022. "Economic and Distributional Impacts of turning the Value-Added Tax into a Carbon Tax," Papers WP739, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    material footprint; demand system estimation; input-output analysis; sustainable consumption;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    • Q21 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Demand and Supply; Prices
    • Q31 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation - - - Demand and Supply; Prices

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