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CO2-Bepreisung in den nicht in den Emissionshandel integrierten Sektoren: Optionen für eine sozial ausgewogene Ausgestaltung

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  • Frondel, Manuel

Abstract

Jede CO2-Bepreisung bringt höhere Kostenbelastungen für die Verbraucher mit sich, da dieses Instrument ansonsten keine Wirkung entfalten könnte. Ein vielversprechender Ansatz, um dennoch eine breite Akzeptanz für ein solches Klimaschutzinstrument zu gewinnen, könnte darin liegen, die aus einer CO2-Bepreisung resultierenden Einnahmen wieder vollständig an die Verbraucher zurückzugeben und so zu signalisieren, dass es nicht um das Erschließen einer zusätzlichen staatlichen Einnahmequelle, sondern ausschließlich um Klimaschutz geht. Dabei sind notwendigerweise die Anreizwirkungen und die soziale Treffsicherheit der konkreten Kompensationsmaßnahmen gegeneinander abzuwägen. Vor diesem Hintergrund diskutiert dieser Artikel drei Alternativen zur Rückverteilung der zusätzlichen staatlichen Einnahmen: a) eine pauschale Pro-Kopf-Rückerstattung für private Haushalte, b) die Senkung der Stromkosten durch (i) die Steuerfinanzierung der Industrieausnahmen bei der EEG-Umlage und (ii) die Senkung der Stromsteuer und c) gezielte Zuschüsse für besonders betroffene Verbraucher, etwa in Form einer Erhöhung des Wohngelds. Am treffsichersten im Hinblick auf die Kompensation bedürftiger Haushalte wäre die dritte Alternative. Mit den restlichen Mitteln könnte die Stromsteuer reduziert werden, um so insbesondere diejenigen Verbraucher zu entlasten, die kein Wohngeld beantragen, obwohl ihre finanzielle Situation sie dazu berechtigen würde. Wenngleich es gute Gründe sowohl für eine Pro-Kopf-Rückerstattung als auch für eine Stromsteuersenkung gibt, hat eine Stromsteuersenkung mehrere Vorteile gegenüber einer Pro-Kopfpauschale, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Sektorkopplung und die Transaktionskosten des Rückverteilungsaufwands, welche bei einer Stromsteuersenkung vernachlässigbar wären.

Suggested Citation

  • Frondel, Manuel, 2019. "CO2-Bepreisung in den nicht in den Emissionshandel integrierten Sektoren: Optionen für eine sozial ausgewogene Ausgestaltung," RWI Materialien 130, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:rwimat:130
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    CO2-Steuer; Pro-Kopf-Pauschale; Stromsteuer;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • Q41 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Demand and Supply; Prices
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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