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Women’s Mobility and Labor Supply : Experimental Evidence from Pakistan

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  • Garlick, Robert
  • Field, Erica
  • Vyborny, Kate

Abstract

This paper studies whether commuting barriers constrain women’s labor supply in urban Pakistan. This study randomized offers of gender-segregated or mixed-gender commuting services at varying prices. Women-only transport more than doubled job application rates, while mixed-gender transport had minimal effects on men’s and women’s application rates. Women valued the women-only service more than large price discounts for the mixed-gender service. The results are similar for baseline labor force participants and non-participants, suggesting there are many “latent jobseekers’’ close to the margin of participation. These findings highlight the importance of safety and propriety concerns in women’s labor decisions.

Suggested Citation

  • Garlick, Robert & Field, Erica & Vyborny, Kate, 2025. "Women’s Mobility and Labor Supply : Experimental Evidence from Pakistan," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11256, The World Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11256
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