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Geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsmarktwirkung der Covid-19-Pandemie

Author

Listed:
  • Illing, Hannah

    (University of Bonn)

  • Oberfichtner, Michael

    (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg)

  • Pestel, Nico

    (Maastricht University)

  • Schmieder, Johannes F.

    (Boston University)

  • Trenkle, Simon

    (IZA and IAB)

Abstract

Die Covid-19-Pandemie hatte im Frühjahr 2020 massivere Arbeitsmarkteffekte als die Finanzkrise 2008/2009: Im Mai 2020 waren 8,5 Millionen Personen in Kurzarbeit oder arbeitslos, im Mai 2009 trotz höheren Ausgangsniveaus lediglich 4,9 Millionen. Die Branchen mit dem höchsten Arbeitsausfall während des ersten Lockdowns hatten einen hohen Frauenanteil an den Beschäftigten. Gleichzeitig war der Frauenanteil aber auch in Branchen, die kaum betroffen waren, sehr hoch. Waren in früheren Rezessionen, wie der Finanzkrise 2008/2009, oft Männer stärker von Arbeitsausfall betroffen, wirkte sich die Covid-19-Pandemie etwa gleich stark auf sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigte Frauen und Männer aus. Trotz ähnlichen Arbeitszeitausfalls bei Männern und Frauen zeigten sich große Unterschiede bei der zeitlichen Belastung: Für beschäftigte Mütter mit Kindern bis zwölf Jahre stieg die insgesamt für Job, Pendeln, Kinderbetreuung und Haushalt aufgewendete Zeit im Frühjahr 2020 um acht Stunden pro Woche, für Väter um drei Stunden; für Personen mit älteren Kindern oder ohne Kinder im Haushalt sank die zeitliche Gesamtbelastung leicht. Parallel zur höheren zeitlichen Belastung verringerte sich im Frühjahr 2020 die Lebenszufriedenheit bei Müttern mit Kindern bis zwölf Jahre stärker als bei anderen sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten.

Suggested Citation

  • Illing, Hannah & Oberfichtner, Michael & Pestel, Nico & Schmieder, Johannes F. & Trenkle, Simon, 2022. "Geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsmarktwirkung der Covid-19-Pandemie," IZA Standpunkte 102, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izasps:sp102
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gender-Gap; Haushalt; Kinderbetreuung; Arbeitsplatzverlust; COVID-19;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J01 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General - - - Labor Economics: General
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • J64 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search

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