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Fiscal Competition: a Bird's Eye View

Author

Listed:
  • Ricardo Varsano
  • Sergio Guimarães Ferreira
  • José Roberto Afonso

Abstract

Fiscal competition is a desirable feature insofar as it promotes a better match between local policies and the preferences of residents, and creates an environment for experimentation of different policies, with the best outcomes surviving through a mechanism of natural selection. Furthermore, fiscal competition may prevent overexpansion of government activities. However, in a world where mobility of economic agents is high and growing, local jurisdictions ability to select and attract firms and individuals through the use of their tax structure and public spending has substantially increased. In such a setting, local governments (as well as states belonging to a federation or sovereign units forming an economic union) may engage in a competition to attract business investment or tax bases, giving rise to all sorts of economic distortions. Moreover, fiscal competition may considerably weaken the redistributive power of government actions. The basic challenge is, therefore, to avoid or reduce the undesirable effects of fiscal competition while preserving all or most of its benefits. Intergovernmental transfers and harmonization of taxation and of other fiscal policies are the most promising instruments to attain this goal. A existência de competição fiscal é desejável na medida em que ela aproxima as políticas públicas locais das preferências dos residentes da jurisdição e cria um ambiente propício à experimentação de diferentes formas de execução das políticas, bem como um mecanismo de seleção natural daquelas com melhores resultados. Além disso, a competição fiscal serve como freio à excessiva expansão das atividades governamentais. No entanto, em um mundo onde é grande e crescente a mobilidade dos agentes econômicos, a possibilidade de que governos locais façam uso da estrutura tributária e do gasto público como instrumentos de uma política de atração de empresas para seus respectivos territórios cresceu substancialmente. Em outras palavras, os governos locais — bem como os estados de uma federação e as unidades soberanas que formam uma união econômica — podem dar curso a uma competição por investimentos ou bases tributárias que causa inúmeros tipos de distorção econômica. A isto se acresce o fato de que a competição fiscal pode erodir consideravelmente o poder redistributivo das ações governamentais. Portanto, o desafio básico é evitar ou reduzir os efeitos indesejáveis da competição fiscal, preservando, ao mesmo tempo, a maioria de seus benefícios. Transferências intergovernamentais e harmonização da tributação e de outras políticas fiscais são instrumentos promissores para lidar com a questão.

Suggested Citation

  • Ricardo Varsano & Sergio Guimarães Ferreira & José Roberto Afonso, 2015. "Fiscal Competition: a Bird's Eye View," Discussion Papers 0114, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:0114
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    References listed on IDEAS

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