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Dropping out in Scandinavia Social Exclusion and Labour Market Attachment among Upper Secondary School Dropouts in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden

Author

Listed:
  • Bäckman, Olof

    (Institute for Futures Studies)

  • Jakobsen, Vibeke

    (SFI, Copenhagen)

  • Lorentzen, Thomas

    (Rokkan Centre, Bergen University)

  • Österbacka, Eva

    (School of Business and Economics, Åbo Akademi University, Turku)

  • Dahl, Espen

    (Oslo University College)

Abstract

The Nordic countries share many features as far as welfare state and labour market institutions are concerned. However, the upper secondary school systems differ significantly in how the vocational tracks are organized. In Denmark and Norway vocational tracks are dual, i.e. they combine school based education and work place apprenticeships, whereas in Finland and Sweden they are primarily school based. We explore the claim that the organization of vocational tracks can provide one important explanation to between country variations in school-to-work transition success rates. By answering the questions “Do dropout rates both in general and in different educational tracks differ between the Nordic countries?” and “Is the labour market effect of dropping out from a vocational track different in Finland and Sweden as compared to Norway and Denmark?” we try to evaluate this claim. We use annual longitudinal data from public records in the four countries. In Norway and Sweden the data cover the total populations whereas in Finland and Denmark we use large samples of the populations. To measure labour market outcomes we utilise a model prepared particularly for use on public income records and which has been calibrated to enhance comparability across the Nordic countries. We find the highest dropout rates in vocational tracks in Norway and the lowest in Finland. The results also indicate that the relative effect of dropping out from a vocational track is least detrimental in Sweden and most detrimental in Norway, as far as labour market exclusion is concerned. For those with diplomas from vocational tracks the results confirm previous findings indicating that apprenticeship based systems provides a smoother school-to-work transition process than school based systems. The smaller risk among Swedish vocational school dropouts is to a large extent explained by the system for adult education in Sweden which seems to be better equipped to embrace dropouts and provide them a second chance than the systems in the other countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Bäckman, Olof & Jakobsen, Vibeke & Lorentzen, Thomas & Österbacka, Eva & Dahl, Espen, 2011. "Dropping out in Scandinavia Social Exclusion and Labour Market Attachment among Upper Secondary School Dropouts in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden," Arbetsrapport 2011:8, Institute for Futures Studies.
    • Handle: RePEc:hhs:ifswps:2011_008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Vibeke Jakobsen & Tomas Korpi & Thomas Lorentzen, 2019. "Immigration and Integration Policy and Labour Market Attainment Among Immigrants to Scandinavia," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 35(2), pages 305-328, May.
    2. Al Weswasi, Enes, 2025. "Effect of early prison release with electronic monitoring," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    3. Kääriälä, Antti & Berlin, Marie & Lausten, Mette & Hiilamo, Heikki & Ristikari, Tiina, 2018. "Early school leaving by children in out-of-home care: A comparative study of three Nordic countries," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 186-195.
    4. Christopher Jamil de Montgomery & Marie Norredam & Allan Krasnik & Jørgen Holm Petersen & Emma Björkenstam & Lisa Berg & Anders Hjern & Marit Sijbrandij & Peter Klimek & Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz, 2022. "Labour market marginalisation in young refugees and their majority peers in Denmark and Sweden: The role of common mental disorders and secondary school completion," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(2), pages 1-16, February.

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    JEL classification:

    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education

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