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L’épargne salariale : entre transfert des risques et stabilisation du capital. Examen à partir du cas d’un groupe français de matériaux de construction

Author

Listed:
  • Noélie Delahaie

    (CEE et Université de Marne la Vallée)

  • Marc-Arthur Diaye

    (CEE et Universit´e d’Evry (EPEE))

Abstract

Pourquoi les entreprises développent-elles l’épargne salariale ? Un des arguments le plus couramment évoqué est la protection des firmes face à la montée en puissance des investisseurs institutionnels internationaux dans le capital des firmes. Une autre justification, nous semblet- il, trouve son origine dans la volonté de reporter une partie des risques de l’entreprise vers le salarié, via un mode de rémunération approprié. Partant d’une analyse des déterminants et des enjeux de la diffusion des mécanismes de partage du profit et du plan d’épargne groupe au sein de Saint-Gobain, nous développons un modèle de principal-agent afin de saisir les modalités optimales de construction d’un tel contrat. En effet, dans quelles conditions l’épargne collective permet-elle à la firme de concilier les objectifs de stabilisation d’une partie de l’actionnariat et de report partiel des risques sur les salariés ? Afin d’apporter quelques éléments de réponse, l’analyse se focalise d’abord sur les enjeux de la mise en oeuvre d’un des mécanismes constitutifs de l’épargne salariale : le partage du profit. Pour étayer notre hypothèse de recherche, la modélisation repose sur la comparaison de deux contrats incitatifs ; l’un, servant de benchmark, reliant le salaire à la valeur du résultat, l’autre fondé sur le partage des bénéfices. Si notre modèle met en lumière la préférence du principal pour le partage du profit, la perte d’utilité espérée subie par l’agent conduit ce dernier à refuser systématiquement un tel contrat. Par ailleurs, dans une situation de non vérifiabilité et d’inobservabilité du choc par l’agent, rien ne le garantit contre une utilisation stratégique, de la part du principal, de l’asymétrie d’information. Dans ce contexte, le plan d’épargne entreprise, permettant par ailleurs la stabilisation du capital de la firme, constitue une solution aux problèmes de non convergence des intérêts et de confiance. Nous montrons en effet que l’excédent de profit généré par le partage du profit, relativement à un contrat classique, permet de financer la mise en oeuvre d’un plan d’épargne collective. Parallèlement, la promotion de l’actionnariat salarié autorise le soutien de l’agent envers le principal, face à la pression des acteurs financiers, et donc la mise en oeuvre du partage du profit.

Suggested Citation

  • Noélie Delahaie & Marc-Arthur Diaye, 2007. "L’épargne salariale : entre transfert des risques et stabilisation du capital. Examen à partir du cas d’un groupe français de matériaux de construction," Documents de recherche 07-04, Centre d'Études des Politiques Économiques (EPEE), Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne.
  • Handle: RePEc:eve:wpaper:07-04
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    Cited by:

    1. Patrice Laroche & Mathieu Floquet & Loris Guery & Chloé Guillot-Soulez & Anne Stévenot, 2013. "Les relations entre épargne salariale et rémunérations: une analyse des stratégies et de la cohérence des pratiques," Post-Print hal-01376120, HAL.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    modèle principal-agent; politiques de rémunération; épargne salariale; partage des risques;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J33 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods
    • M52 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Personnel Economics - - - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects

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