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La Escolarización y las Ganancias de Aprendizaje según el Nivel de Integración Socioeconómica de los Estudiantes

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  • Emmanuel Vazquez

    (CEDLAS-IIE-FCE-UNLP)

Abstract

Este trabajo estudia el efecto de la escolaridad sobre los aprendizajes en América Latina según el nivel de integración socioeconómica de los alumnos. Utilizando datos de las distintas ediciones de PISA para 5 países de la región (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica y Uruguay), el trabajo explota la variación exógena en la fecha de nacimiento de los estudiantes alrededor de la fecha de corte para el ingreso a la escuela utilizando un diseño de regresión discontinua difuso. Los resultados indican que, si bien el efecto promedio de un año de escolaridad en América Latina se sitúa alrededor de los 30 puntos en la escala de PISA (0.30 desvíos estándar), difiere sustancialmente de acuerdo con el nivel de integración socioeconómica del alumnado. Así, mientras la ganancia de aprendizaje derivada de asistir a un año escolar superior para los alumnos integrados se encuentra alrededor de los 40 puntos PISA, los alumnos segregados obtienen una mejora en su aprendizaje en matemática cercana a los 20 puntos. El mayor aprendizaje que logran los estudiantes integrados con la escolaridad se da tanto para alumnos integrados con pares más ricos como para aquellos que se encuentran integrados con compañeros más pobres, proviniendo esta ganancia de los alumnos más rezagados en su aprendizaje, que son quienes más se benefician de la escolaridad al estar integrados.

Suggested Citation

  • Emmanuel Vazquez, 2022. "La Escolarización y las Ganancias de Aprendizaje según el Nivel de Integración Socioeconómica de los Estudiantes," CEDLAS, Working Papers 0299, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
    • Handle: RePEc:dls:wpaper:0299
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    JEL classification:

    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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