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Descentralización, Esfuerzo Fiscal y Progreso Social en Colombia en el Nivel Local, 1994-2009: ¿Por qué Importa la Política Nacional?

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  • Fabio Sánchez Torres
  • Mónica Pachón

Abstract

El presente documento explora la relación entre la competencia política y el adecuado suministro de bienes públicos en un contexto descentralizado con el fin de observar si la existencia de un mayor flujo de información, producto de la competencia política, así como la existencia de una mayor oferta de opciones políticas, hacen parte del mecanismo causal para una gobernabilidad efectiva. En particular, se estudia el efecto que tiene la competencia electoral sobre los incentivos a crear capacidad fiscal y suministrar bienes públicos como educación y acueducto, de los cuales son parcialmente responsables los gobiernos locales. La hipótesis de la investigación propone que la competencia política afecta de manera positiva la fortaleza de la descentralización del municipio, medida a través de la capacidad fiscal local. A su vez, la capacidad fiscal es el factor fundamental para explicar las diferencias en el desempeno de diversos sectores entre las diferentes administraciones locales. La capacidad fiscal trae consigo mejores resultados en la implementación de políticas públicas, así como una mejor capacidad de respuesta local frente a las necesidades –armonización–, lo cual se deriva en una mayor eficiencia en el gasto local. Utilizando datos panel a nivel municipal desde 1994 hasta 2009, se muestra que, a pesar de las diferencias entre los sectores analizados, los resultados en la implementación de las políticas públicas son mejor explicados por el propio esfuerzo fiscal de los municipios más que por otros recursos recibidos por estos, como lo son las transferencias del nivel central o las regalías.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabio Sánchez Torres & Mónica Pachón, 2013. "Descentralización, Esfuerzo Fiscal y Progreso Social en Colombia en el Nivel Local, 1994-2009: ¿Por qué Importa la Política Nacional?," Documentos CEDE 11468, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000089:011468
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo & Londoño-Ortega, Erika & Henao, María Fernanda, 2024. "Geographic isolation and learning: Evidence from rural schools in Colombia," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Descentralización; Colombia; Esfuerzo Fiscal; Sensibilidad; Competencia Política; Educación; Agua;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H71 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
    • H72 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
    • H75 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare
    • H76 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - Other Expenditure Categories

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