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Les avantages socioéconomiques d’un rattrapage de la diplomation des garçons au Québec

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  • Marie Connolly
  • Fabian Lange

Abstract

Despite vast progress in school enrolment over the past few decades, Quebec continues to fare poorly when it comes to dropping out of school, particularly among boys. According to 2021 Census data, 12.1% of young men aged 25 to 34 in Quebec had no diploma or qualification, compared to 7.4% of women. The high school graduation rate for boys is lower in Quebec than in any other Canadian province. Since education brings many benefits, both on an individual and societal level, this under-education of boys is a cause for concern. A high drop-out rate represents a substantial loss of productivity potential, and is associated with greater pressure on public finances, as less-skilled and less-educated individuals contribute less to tax revenues on average, and receive more in government transfers. In this study, the authors assess the extent to which men's and women's educational attainment explains differences in labor market attachment, employment earnings, government transfers and income taxes paid, and what employment earnings, taxes paid and government transfers could be achieved by raising boys' high school graduation rates to those of girls. They then propose projections from 2021 to 2066 to illustrate how the population of men and women in Quebec, and its distribution between different levels of education, are likely to change over the next few years. Their analyses make it possible to assess the socio-economic benefits of catching up on boys' graduation rates, an essential element in any benefit-cost analysis. Malgré de vastes progrès en matière de scolarisation au cours des dernières décennies, le Québec continue de faire piètre figure en ce qui concerne le décrochage scolaire, particulièrement chez les garçons. Selon les données du Recensement de 2021, 12,1 % des jeunes hommes de 25 à 34 ans n’avaient aucun diplôme ni aucune qualification au Québec alors que ce taux est de 7,4 % chez les femmes. Le taux de diplomation des études secondaires des garçons est plus bas au Québec que dans toutes les autres provinces canadiennes. L’éducation apportant de nombreux avantages, tant sur le plan individuel que sociétal, cette sous-scolarisation des garçons est source de préoccupations. Un taux de décrochage élevé représente ainsi une perte substantielle de potentiel de productivité, en plus d’être associé à une plus grande pression sur les finances publiques du fait que les individus moins qualifiés et moins éduqués contribuent en moyenne moins aux recettes fiscales et reçoivent plus de transferts gouvernementaux. Dans cette étude, les auteurs évaluent dans quelle mesure le niveau de scolarité des hommes et des femmes explique les différences dans l'attachement au marché du travail, les revenus d’emploi, les transferts gouvernementaux et impôts sur le revenu payés et quels seraient les revenus d’emploi, impôts payés et transferts qui pourraient être atteints en augmentant les taux de diplomation du secondaire des garçons pour atteindre celui des filles. Ils proposent ensuite des projections sur l’horizon 2021 à 2066 pour illustrer comment la population des hommes et des femmes au Québec et sa répartition entre les différents niveaux de scolarité seront susceptibles de changer au cours des prochaines années. Leurs analyses permettent d’évaluer les avantages socioéconomiques d’un rattrapage des taux de diplomation des garçons, élément essentiel d’une éventuelle analyse avantages-coûts.

Suggested Citation

  • Marie Connolly & Fabian Lange, 2025. "Les avantages socioéconomiques d’un rattrapage de la diplomation des garçons au Québec," CIRANO Project Reports 2025rp-10, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirpro:2025rp-10
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    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2025RP-10.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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