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Seeds of Inflation: Macro Modelling of Nature-Related Risks through Agricultural Prices

Author

Listed:
  • Oriane Wegner
  • Stéphane Dees
  • Mathieu Boullot
  • Pauline Lesterquy
  • Charles Serfaty
  • Camille Thubin
  • Youssef Ulgazi
  • Alice Boitout
  • Marie Gabet

Abstract

Ce document analyse l'importance macroéconomique des risques liés à la nature, tant physiques que de transition, à travers l'exemple du secteur agricole. Nos résultats montrent que des chocs temporaires subis par les principales cultures agricoles du fait de la dégradation de services écosystémiques pourraient faire augmenter l'inflation alimentaire de plus de 2 points de pourcentage et l'inflation globale de 0,5 point, la majeure partie de l’effet se matérialisant sur un horizon d’un à deux ans. Si ces chocs temporaires se répétaient et s’intensifiaient, ils pourraient générer des pressions plus persistantes sur l’inflation. De plus, en France, des restrictions désordonnées et non-anticipées sur l’usage des intrants agricoles pourraient réduire le PIB d’environ 0,2 % et augmenter les prix relatifs agricoles jusqu'à 12 % à moyen-long terme. Ces résultats montrent que, si la dégradation de la nature peut accentuer les pressions inflationnistes, une transition bien planifiée et coordonnée permettrait de mieux en atténuer les effets qu’une action désordonnée ou l’inaction. L’étude met également en évidence les limites importantes des modèles – telles que la représentation des non-linéarités, des boucles de rétroaction et des interdépendances sectorielles – tout en contribuant à une meilleure intégration des enjeux liés à la nature dans les cadres macro-financiers des banques centrales et des régulateurs.

Suggested Citation

  • Oriane Wegner & Stéphane Dees & Mathieu Boullot & Pauline Lesterquy & Charles Serfaty & Camille Thubin & Youssef Ulgazi & Alice Boitout & Marie Gabet, 2025. "Seeds of Inflation: Macro Modelling of Nature-Related Risks through Agricultural Prices," Working papers 1006, Banque de France.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:banfra:1006
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • Q57 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Ecological Economics
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E37 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
    • C60 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - General
    • E50 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - General
    • Q18 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; Animal Welfare Policy

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