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Análisis de Equidad en la Asignación del Gasto Educativo en Bolivia

Author

Listed:
  • Osvaldo Nina

    (Grupo Integral)

  • Oscar Molina

    (Grupo Integral)

  • Paola Barrientos

    (Grupo Integral)

  • Paloma Aguilar

    (Grupo Integral)

Abstract

Las reformas educativas de los noventas cambiaron los mecanismos de asignación del gasto educativo en América Latina. Sin embargo, estas reformas no fueron seguidas por estudios que examinen los resultados sobre equidad. La ausencia de análisis sobre equidad en el financiamiento educativo está obstaculizando el diseño de políticas públicas que permitan mejorar la asignación de estos recursos. En el caso de Bolivia, si bien el Programa de Reforma Educativa y la Estrategia Boliviana de Reducción de la Pobreza han declarado dedicar una partida presupuestaria significativa a la educación escolar, pareciera que estos recursos no llegaron a la población objetivo. En ese sentido, el fin del estudio es analizar la asignación del gasto educativo escolar público entre municipios a través de distintos conceptos de equidad y, a partir de ello, se pretende generar criterios de asignación que permitan disminuir las inequidades actualmente existentes. El estudio evalúa la equidad horizontal, equidad vertical e igualdad de oportunidades. Los resultados señalan que los componentes del gasto educativo que controla el gobierno central están promoviendo levemente la equidad horizontal; en cambio, aquellas variables que controlan los municipios la están limitando. Los criterios de asignación basados en localización geográfica y pobreza están promoviendo la equidad vertical, pero no coinciden con las necesidades educativas. Finalmente, los resultados muestran que no existe igualdad de oportunidades; sin embargo, el gasto descentralizado influye positivamente al rendimiento académico, en especial en los grupos de estudiantes indígenas y niñas. Los resultados del estudio sugieren que es necesaria una redistribución del gasto centralizado en base a criterios de necesidades educativas y rendimiento académico. Además, es necesario incrementar y focalizar el gasto descentralizado con el objetivo de reducir las influencias negativas de la familia, como la pobreza y los niveles bajos de educación de los padres.

Suggested Citation

  • Osvaldo Nina & Oscar Molina & Paola Barrientos & Paloma Aguilar, 2004. "Análisis de Equidad en la Asignación del Gasto Educativo en Bolivia," Development Research Working Paper Series 07/2004, Institute for Advanced Development Studies.
    • Handle: RePEc:adv:wpaper:200407
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • I22 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Educational Finance; Financial Aid

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