An Economy of AI Agents
In: The Economics of Transformative AI
Author
Abstract
Suggested Citation
Download full text from publisher
References listed on IDEAS
- Dirk Bergemann & Stephen Morris, 2013.
"Robust Predictions in Games With Incomplete Information,"
Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 81(4), pages 1251-1308, July.
- Dirk Bergemann & Stephen Morris, 2011. "Robust Predictions in Games with Incomplete Information," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 1821R, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University, revised Dec 2011.
- Dirk Bergemann & Stephen Morris, 2013. "Robust Predictions in Games with Incomplete Information," Working Papers 1457, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Econometric Research Program..
- Dirk Bergemann & Stephen Morris, 2011. "Robust Predictions in Games with Incomplete Information," Levine's Working Paper Archive 786969000000000275, David K. Levine.
- Dirk Bergemann & Stephen Morris, 2011. "Robust Predictions in Games with Incomplete Information," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 1821R3, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University, revised Mar 2013.
- Dirk Bergemann & Stephen Morris, 2012. "Robust Predictions in Games with Incomplete Information," Levine's Working Paper Archive 786969000000000331, David K. Levine.
- Dirk Bergemann & Stephen Morris, 2011. "Robust Predictions in Games with Incomplete Information," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 1821R2, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University, revised Oct 2012.
- Dirk Bergemann & Stephen Morris, 2011. "Robust Predictions in Games with Incomplete Information," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 1821, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
- Dirk Bergemann & Stephen Morris, 2012. "Robust Predictions in Games with Incomplete Information," Levine's Working Paper Archive 786969000000000601, David K. Levine.
- Dirk Bergemann & Stephen Morris, 2012. "Robust Predictions in Games with Incomplete Information," Working Papers 1433, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Econometric Research Program..
- Dirk Bergemann & Stephen Morris, 2011. "Robust Predictions in Games with Incomplete Information," Working Papers 1356, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Econometric Research Program..
- Dirk Bergemann & Stephen Morris, 2013. "Robust Predictions in Games with Incomplete Information," Levine's Working Paper Archive 786969000000000666, David K. Levine.
- Jonathan Levin, 2003.
"Relational Incentive Contracts,"
American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 93(3), pages 835-857, June.
- Jonathan Levin, 2000. "Relational Incentive Contracts," Working Papers 01002, Stanford University, Department of Economics.
- Bergemann, Dirk & Bonatti, Alessandro & Smolin, Alex, 2025.
"The Economics of Large Language Models: Token Allocation, Fine-Tuning, and Optimal Pricing,"
TSE Working Papers
25-1670, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
- Dirk Bergemann & Alessandro Bonatti & Alex Smolin, 2025. "The Economics of Large Language Models: Token Allocation, Fine-Tuning, and Optimal Pricing," Papers 2502.07736, arXiv.org.
- Dirk Bergemann & Alessandro Bonatti & Alexey Smolin, 2025. "The Economics of Large Language Models: Token Allocation, Fine-Tuning, and Optimal Pricing," Working Papers hal-05308118, HAL.
- Dirk Bergemann & Alessandro Bonatti & Alex Smolin, 2025. "The Economics of Large Language Models: Token Allocation, Fine Tuning, and Optimal Pricing," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 2425, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
- Chen, Jun & Elliott, Matthew & Koh, Andrew, 2023. "Capability accumulation and conglomeratization in the information age," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
- Stephanie Assad & Robert Clark & Daniel Ershov & Lei Xu, 2024. "Algorithmic Pricing and Competition: Empirical Evidence from the German Retail Gasoline Market," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 132(3), pages 723-771.
- John J. Horton, 2023. "Large Language Models as Simulated Economic Agents: What Can We Learn from Homo Silicus?," NBER Working Papers 31122, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Justin P. Johnson & Andrew Rhodes & Matthijs Wildenbeest, 2023.
"Platform Design When Sellers Use Pricing Algorithms,"
Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 91(5), pages 1841-1879, September.
- Johnson, Justin Pappas & Rhodes, Andrew & Wildenbeest, Matthijs, 2020. "Platform Design when Sellers Use Pricing Algorithms," TSE Working Papers 20-1146, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
- Justin Pappas Johnson & Andrew Rhodes & Matthijs Wildenbeest, 2023. "Platform design when sellers use pricing algorithms," Post-Print hal-04226232, HAL.
- Rhodes, Andrew & Johnson, Justin & Wildenbeest, Matthijs, 2020. "Platform Design When Sellers Use Pricing Algorithms," CEPR Discussion Papers 15504, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Emilio Calvano & Giacomo Calzolari & Vincenzo Denicolò & Sergio Pastorello, 2020.
"Artificial Intelligence, Algorithmic Pricing, and Collusion,"
American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 110(10), pages 3267-3297, October.
- Calzolari, Giacomo & Calvano, Emilio & Denicolo, Vincenzo & Pastorello, Sergio, 2018. "Artificial intelligence, algorithmic pricing and collusion," CEPR Discussion Papers 13405, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Chaim Fershtman & Kenneth L. Judd, 2006.
"Equilibrium Incentives in Oligopoly: Corrigendum,"
American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 96(4), pages 1367-1367, September.
- Fershtman, Chaim & Judd, Kenneth L, 1987. "Equilibrium Incentives in Oligopoly," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 77(5), pages 927-940, December.
- repec:cwl:cwldpp:1821rrr is not listed on IDEAS
- Andrei Kirilenko & Albert S. Kyle & Mehrdad Samadi & Tugkan Tuzun, 2017. "The Flash Crash: High-Frequency Trading in an Electronic Market," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 72(3), pages 967-998, June.
- Patrick Bajari & Victor Chernozhukov & Ali Hortaçsu & Junichi Suzuki, 2019.
"The Impact of Big Data on Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation,"
AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 109, pages 33-37, May.
- Patrick Bajari & Victor Chernozhukov & Ali Hortaçsu & Junichi Suzuki, 2018. "The Impact of Big Data on Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation," NBER Working Papers 24334, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Zach Y. Brown & Alexander MacKay, 2023.
"Competition in Pricing Algorithms,"
American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 15(2), pages 109-156, May.
- Zach Y. Brown & Alexander MacKay, 2021. "Competition in Pricing Algorithms," NBER Working Papers 28860, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Alchian, Armen A & Demsetz, Harold, 1972.
"Production , Information Costs, and Economic Organization,"
American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 62(5), pages 777-795, December.
- Armen A. Alchian & Harold Demsetz, 1971. "Production, Information Costs and Economic Organizations," UCLA Economics Working Papers 10A, UCLA Department of Economics.
- Maryam Farboodi & Laura Veldkamp, 2021. "A Model of the Data Economy," NBER Working Papers 28427, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Birger Wernerfelt, 1984. "A resource‐based view of the firm," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 5(2), pages 171-180, April.
- Grossman, Sanford J & Hart, Oliver D, 1986.
"The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration,"
Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 94(4), pages 691-719, August.
- Grossman, Sanford J & Hart, Oliver, 1985. "The Cost and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration," CEPR Discussion Papers 70, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Oliver Hart & Sanford Grossman, 1985. "The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration," Working papers 372, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics.
- Grossman, Sanford J. & Hart, Oliver D., 1986. "The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration," Scholarly Articles 3450060, Harvard University Department of Economics.
- Nikhil Agarwal & Alex Moehring & Alexander Wolitzky, 2025. "Designing Human-AI Collaboration: A Sufficient-Statistic Approach," NBER Working Papers 33949, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Tennenholtz, Moshe, 2004. "Program equilibrium," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 49(2), pages 363-373, November.
- Ibrahim Abada & Xavier Lambin, 2023. "Artificial Intelligence: Can Seemingly Collusive Outcomes Be Avoided?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(9), pages 5042-5065, September.
- D. Fudenberg & D. K. Levine, 2017.
"Whither game theory? Towards a theory oflearning in games,"
Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP Voprosy Ekonomiki, issue 5.
- Drew Fudenberg & David K. Levine, 2016. "Whither Game Theory? Towards a Theory of Learning in Games," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 30(4), pages 151-170, Fall.
- George Baker & Robert Gibbons & Kevin J. Murphy, 2002. "Relational Contracts and the Theory of the Firm," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 117(1), pages 39-84.
- Fershtman, Chaim & Judd, Kenneth L, 1987.
"Equilibrium Incentives in Oligopoly,"
American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 77(5), pages 927-940, December.
- Chaim Fershtman & Kenneth L Judd, 1984. "Equilibrium Incentives in Oligopoly," Discussion Papers 642, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science.
- Jean-Jacques Laffont & Jean Tirole, 1993. "A Theory of Incentives in Procurement and Regulation," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262121743, December.
- John J. Horton, 2023. "Large Language Models as Simulated Economic Agents: What Can We Learn from Homo Silicus?," Papers 2301.07543, arXiv.org.
- Greif, Avner & Milgrom, Paul & Weingast, Barry R, 1994. "Coordination, Commitment, and Enforcement: The Case of the Merchant Guild," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 102(4), pages 745-776, August.
- Michihiro Kandori, 1992.
"Social Norms and Community Enforcement,"
The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 59(1), pages 63-80.
- Michi Kandori, 2010. "Social Norms and Community Enforcement," Levine's Working Paper Archive 630, David K. Levine.
- Steven Tadelis, 2002. "The Market for Reputations as an Incentive Mechanism," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 110(4), pages 854-882, August.
- Benjamin Golub & Matthew Elliott, 2022. "Networks and Economic Fragility," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 14(1), pages 665-696, August.
Most related items
These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.- Gillian K. Hadfield & Andrew Koh, 2025. "An Economy of AI Agents," Papers 2509.01063, arXiv.org.
- James M. Malcomson, 2012.
"Relational Incentive Contracts [The Handbook of Organizational Economics],"
Introductory Chapters,,
Princeton University Press.
- James Malcomson, 2010. "Relational Incentive Contracts," Economics Series Working Papers 508, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
- Bergemann, Dirk & Bonatti, Alessandro & Wu, Nicholas, 2025. "Bidding with budgets: Data-driven bid algorithms in digital advertising," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
- Ola Kvaløy & Trond E. Olsen, 2008.
"Relative Performance Evaluation, Agent Hold-up and Firm Organization,"
NBER Chapters, in: Organizational Innovation and Firm Performance, pages 229-241,
National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Kvaløy, Ola & Olsen, Trond E., 2008. "Relative performance evaluation, agent hold-up and firm organization," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 229-241, June.
- Kvaløy, Ola & Olsen, Trond E., 2007. "Relative Performance Evaluation, Agent Hold-Up and Firm Organization," Discussion Papers 2007/26, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science.
- Hangcheng Zhao & Ron Berman, 2025. "Algorithmic Collusion of Pricing and Advertising on E-commerce Platforms," Papers 2508.08325, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2025.
- Nicholas Argyres & Janet Bercovitz & Giorgio Zanarone, 2020. "The role of relationship scope in sustaining relational contracts in interfirm networks," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(2), pages 222-245, February.
- Harrington, Joseph E., 2024. "The effect of demand variability on the adoption and design of a third party’s pricing algorithm," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 244(C).
- John Asker & Chaim Fershtman & Ariel Pakes, 2024. "The impact of artificial intelligence design on pricing," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 276-304, March.
- Radygin Alexandr & Entov Revold & Apevalova E. & Shvetsov P., 2008. "Market Discipline and Contracts: Theory, Empiric Analysis, Law," Research Paper Series, Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 117P.
- Aldashev, Gani & Zanarone, Giorgio, 2017.
"Endogenous enforcement institutions,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 49-64.
- Gani Aldashev & Giorgio Zanarone, 2014. "Endogenous Enforcement Institutions," Working Papers 1403, University of Namur, Department of Economics.
- Gani Aldashev & Giorgio Zanarone, 2015. "Endogenous Enforcement Institutions," Working Papers ECARES 2015-38, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
- Zexin Ye, 2025. "Algorithmic Collusion under Observed Demand Shocks," Papers 2502.15084, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2025.
- Luis Rayo, 2002. "Relational Team Incentives and Ownership," Theory workshop papers 357966000000000087, UCLA Department of Economics.
- Kaede Hanazawa, 2025. "Welfare Effects of Self-Preferencing by a Platform: Empirical Evidence from Airbnb," Papers 2503.04489, arXiv.org.
- Gibbons, Robert, 2005. "Four forma(lizable) theories of the firm?," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 58(2), pages 200-245, October.
- Peter G. Klein & Michael E. Sykuta, 2010. "Editors’ Introduction," Chapters, in: Peter G. Klein & Michael E. Sykuta (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Transaction Cost Economics, chapter 1, Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Kim, Jongwook & Mahoney, Joseph T., 2008. "A Strategic Theory of the Firm as a Nexus of Incomplete Contracts: A Property Rights Approach," Working Papers 08-0108, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Business.
- Luís Cabral, 2018.
"We’re Number 1: Price Wars for Market Share Leadership,"
Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 64(5), pages 2013-2030, May.
- Luis Cabral, 2014. "We're Number 1: Price Wars for Market Share Leadership," Working Papers 14-01, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics.
- Cabral, Luis, 2014. "We're Number 1: Price Wars for Market Share Leadership," CEPR Discussion Papers 9818, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Yoshifumi Hino & Yusuke Zennyo, 2017.
"Corporate social responsibility and strategic relationships,"
International Review of Economics, Springer;Happiness Economics and Interpersonal Relations (HEIRS), vol. 64(3), pages 231-244, September.
- Hino, Yoshifumi & Zennyo, Yusuke, 2015. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Strategic Relationships," MPRA Paper 67950, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Cremer, Jacques & Khalil, Fahad, 1992.
"Gathering Information before Signing a Contract,"
American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 82(3), pages 566-578, June.
- Cremer, J. & Khalil, F., 1991. "Gathering Information Before Signing a Contract," Discussion Papers in Economics at the University of Washington 91-16, Department of Economics at the University of Washington.
- Crémer, Jacques & Khalil, Fahad, 1991. "Gathering Information before Signing a Contract," IDEI Working Papers 5, Institut d'Économie Industrielle (IDEI), Toulouse.
- Cremer, J. & Khalil, F., 1991. "Gathering Information Before Signing a Contract," Working Papers 91-16, University of Washington, Department of Economics.
- Pedro Bó, 2007.
"Social norms, cooperation and inequality,"
Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 30(1), pages 89-105, January.
- Pedro Dal Bo, 2001. "Social Norms, Cooperation and Inequality," UCLA Economics Working Papers 802, UCLA Department of Economics.
Corrections
All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nbr:nberch:15305. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.
If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .
If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: the person in charge (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/nberrus.html .
Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.
Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/h/nbr/nberch/15305.html