IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecolet/v244y2024ics0165176524004956.html

The effect of demand variability on the adoption and design of a third party’s pricing algorithm

Author

Listed:
  • Harrington, Joseph E.

Abstract

Consider a data analytics company supplying a pricing algorithm that adjusts price to a changing demand state. For this setting, I show the pricing algorithm is designed and priced so that higher demand variability results in more firms adopting the pricing algorithm. Furthermore, there is a critical threshold for demand variability whereby there is complete or near-complete adoption of the pricing algorithm. While widespread adoption of a third party’s pricing algorithm among competitors has raised concerns of collusive conduct, it could instead reflect a strong efficiency delivered by a third party.

Suggested Citation

  • Harrington, Joseph E., 2024. "The effect of demand variability on the adoption and design of a third party’s pricing algorithm," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 244(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecolet:v:244:y:2024:i:c:s0165176524004956
    DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2024.112011
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165176524004956
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.econlet.2024.112011?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zach Y. Brown & Alexander MacKay, 2023. "Competition in Pricing Algorithms," American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 15(2), pages 109-156, May.
    2. Stephanie Assad & Robert Clark & Daniel Ershov & Lei Xu, 2024. "Algorithmic Pricing and Competition: Empirical Evidence from the German Retail Gasoline Market," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 132(3), pages 723-771.
    3. Joseph E. Harrington, 2022. "The Effect of Outsourcing Pricing Algorithms on Market Competition," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(9), pages 6889-6906, September.
    4. Justin P. Johnson & Andrew Rhodes & Matthijs Wildenbeest, 2023. "Platform Design When Sellers Use Pricing Algorithms," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 91(5), pages 1841-1879, September.
    5. Emilio Calvano & Giacomo Calzolari & Vincenzo Denicolò & Sergio Pastorello, 2020. "Artificial Intelligence, Algorithmic Pricing, and Collusion," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 110(10), pages 3267-3297, October.
    6. Waltman, Ludo & Kaymak, Uzay, 2008. "Q-learning agents in a Cournot oligopoly model," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 32(10), pages 3275-3293, October.
    7. Epivent, Andréa & Lambin, Xavier, 2024. "On algorithmic collusion and reward–punishment schemes," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    8. Eshwar Ram Arunachaleswaran & Natalie Collina & Sampath Kannan & Aaron Roth & Juba Ziani, 2024. "Algorithmic Collusion Without Threats," Papers 2409.03956, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2024.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hangcheng Zhao & Ron Berman, 2025. "Algorithmic Collusion of Pricing and Advertising on E-commerce Platforms," Papers 2508.08325, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2025.
    2. Abada, Ibrahim & Lambin, Xavier & Tchakarov, Nikolay, 2024. "Collusion by mistake: Does algorithmic sophistication drive supra-competitive profits?," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 318(3), pages 927-953.
    3. Kaede Hanazawa, 2025. "Welfare Effects of Self-Preferencing by a Platform: Empirical Evidence from Airbnb," Papers 2503.04489, arXiv.org.
    4. Daniel Garcia & Juha Tolvanen & Alexander K. Wagner, 2026. "Strategic Responses to Algorithmic Recommendations: Evidence from Hotel Pricing," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 72(1), pages 609-626, January.
    5. Gillian K. Hadfield & Andrew Koh, 2025. "An Economy of AI Agents," NBER Chapters, in: The Economics of Transformative AI, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Martin Bichler & Julius Durmann & Matthias Oberlechner, 2025. "Algorithmic Pricing and Algorithmic Collusion," Business & Information Systems Engineering: The International Journal of WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK, Springer;Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI), vol. 67(6), pages 971-979, December.
    7. Epivent, Andréa & Lambin, Xavier, 2024. "On algorithmic collusion and reward–punishment schemes," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    8. Zexin Ye, 2025. "Algorithmic Collusion under Observed Demand Shocks," Papers 2502.15084, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2025.
    9. Lambin, Xavier & Raizonville, Adrien, 2025. "From black box to glass box: algorithmic explainability as a strategic decision," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    10. Gillian K. Hadfield & Andrew Koh, 2025. "An Economy of AI Agents," Papers 2509.01063, arXiv.org.
    11. Inkoo Cho & Noah Williams, 2024. "Collusive Outcomes Without Collusion," Papers 2403.07177, arXiv.org.
    12. Shengyu Cao & Ming Hu, 2026. "Supracompetitive Pricing Under AI Monoculture," Papers 2601.01279, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2026.
    13. Bergemann, Dirk & Bonatti, Alessandro & Wu, Nicholas, 2025. "Bidding with budgets: Data-driven bid algorithms in digital advertising," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    14. Herings, P.J.J. & Michaelides, Philippos & Seel, Christian, 2026. "Algorithmic Learning in Local and Global Public Goods Games," Discussion Paper 2026-002, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
    15. Simon Martin & Alexander Rasch, 2022. "Collusion by Algorithm: The Role of Unobserved Actions," CESifo Working Paper Series 9629, CESifo.
    16. Calvano, Emilio & Calzolari, Giacomo & Denicoló, Vincenzo & Pastorello, Sergio, 2021. "Algorithmic collusion with imperfect monitoring," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    17. Martin, Simon & Rasch, Alexander, 2024. "Demand forecasting, signal precision, and collusion with hidden actions," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    18. Zhang Xu & Wei Zhao, 2024. "On Mechanism Underlying Algorithmic Collusion," Papers 2409.01147, arXiv.org.
    19. J. Manuel Sanchez-Cartas & Evangelos Katsamakas, 2025. "AI pricing algorithms under platform competition," Electronic Commerce Research, Springer, vol. 25(6), pages 4343-4370, December.
    20. John Asker & Chaim Fershtman & Ariel Pakes, 2024. "The impact of artificial intelligence design on pricing," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 276-304, March.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ecolet:v:244:y:2024:i:c:s0165176524004956. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ecolet .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.