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The convergence dynamics of economic freedom across U.S. states

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  • James E. Payne
  • James W. Saunoris
  • Saban Nazlioglu
  • Cagin Karul

Abstract

This study tests for convergence in economic freedom across the 50 U.S. states from 1981 to 2019. In particular, we test for stochastic convergence in overall economic freedom using unit root tests that account for structural breaks and bounded processes, two sources of parameter instability. We find limited evidence of stochastic convergence. Further analysis of relative (club) convergence and weak σ‐convergence rejects the presence of overall convergence in the panel of the U.S. states, but the emergence of two convergence clubs with respect to state‐level economic freedom. The logit analysis of the determinants of the convergence clubs reveals that more prosperous states and states with a higher initial level of economic freedom have a higher probability of being in the club with more economic freedom. However, more racially diverse states have a lower probability of being in the club with more economic freedom.

Suggested Citation

  • James E. Payne & James W. Saunoris & Saban Nazlioglu & Cagin Karul, 2023. "The convergence dynamics of economic freedom across U.S. states," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 89(4), pages 1216-1241, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:soecon:v:89:y:2023:i:4:p:1216-1241
    DOI: 10.1002/soej.12629
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    1. James E. Payne & James W. Saunoris & Saban Nazlioglu & Cagin Karul, 2023. "Stochastic convergence analysis of US state economic freedom sub‐components: Evidence from unit root tests for bounded processes," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 82(4), pages 319-348, July.

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