IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/revfec/v20y2011i4p123-129.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The effect of leverage on the tax‐cut versus investment‐subsidy argument

Author

Listed:
  • Anna Danielova
  • Sudipto Sarkar

Abstract

Two common methods of attracting corporate investment are investment incentives and tax incentives. It is important to use the two incentives in the correct proportions, otherwise the government will give up too much value in the process of attracting investment. This paper examines the effect of tax cut and investment subsidy on the government's net benefit from a project. Earlier studies concluded that it was optimal to use only investment subsidy and no tax cuts. We show that this is not true when debt financing is possible, and it is generally optimal (from the government's perspective) to use a combination of tax reduction and investment subsidy. The optimal tax rate and optimal investment subsidy are identified and analyzed in the paper. It is shown that using a sub‐optimal combination of incentives can result in substantial reduction of benefits for the government.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Danielova & Sudipto Sarkar, 2011. "The effect of leverage on the tax‐cut versus investment‐subsidy argument," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 20(4), pages 123-129, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:revfec:v:20:y:2011:i:4:p:123-129
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rfe.2011.10.001
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rfe.2011.10.001
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rfe.2011.10.001?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Goldstein, Robert & Ju, Nengjiu & Leland, Hayne, 2001. "An EBIT-Based Model of Dynamic Capital Structure," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 74(4), pages 483-512, October.
    2. Hansson, Ingemar & Stuart, Charles, 1989. "Why Is Investment Subsidized?," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 30(3), pages 549-559, August.
    3. Chang Woon Nam & Doina Radulescu & Doina Maria Radulescu, 2004. "Types of Tax Concessions for Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in Free Economic Zones," CESifo Working Paper Series 1175, CESifo.
    4. Leland, Hayne E, 1994. "Corporate Debt Value, Bond Covenants, and Optimal Capital Structure," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 49(4), pages 1213-1252, September.
    5. Cummins, Jason G. & Hassett, Kevin A. & Hubbard, R. Glenn, 1996. "Tax reforms and investment: A cross-country comparison," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(1-2), pages 237-273, October.
    6. Avinash K. Dixit & Robert S. Pindyck, 1994. "Investment under Uncertainty," Economics Books, Princeton University Press, edition 1, number 5474.
    7. Sudipto Sarkar & Levon Goukasian, 2006. "The Effect of Tax Convexity on Corporate Investment Decisions and Tax Burdens," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 8(2), pages 293-320, May.
    8. Mintz, Jack M, 1990. "Corporate Tax Holidays and Investment," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 4(1), pages 81-102, January.
    9. Yu, Chia-Feng & Chang, Ta-Cheng & Fan, Chinn-Ping, 2007. "FDI timing: Entry cost subsidy versus tax rate reduction," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 262-271, March.
    10. Morrisset, Jacques & Pirnia, Neda, 2000. "How tax policy and incentives affect foreign direct investment - a review," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2509, The World Bank.
    11. MacKie-Mason, Jeffrey K, 1990. "Do Taxes Affect Corporate Financing Decisions?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 45(5), pages 1471-1493, December.
    12. Givoly, Dan, et al, 1992. "Taxes and Capital Structure: Evidence from Firms' Response to the Tax Reform Act of 1986," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 5(2), pages 331-355.
    13. Alexander Klemm, 2010. "Causes, benefits, and risks of business tax incentives," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 17(3), pages 315-336, June.
    14. Enrico Pennings, "undated". "How to Maximize Domestic Benefits from Irreversible Foreign Investments," Working Papers 205, IGIER (Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research), Bocconi University.
    15. Bond, Eric W & Samuelson, Larry, 1986. "Tax Holidays as Signals," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 76(4), pages 820-826, September.
    16. Pennings, Enrico, 2005. "How to maximize domestic benefits from foreign investments: the effect of irreversibility and uncertainty," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 873-889, May.
    17. Zee, Howell H. & Stotsky, Janet G. & Ley, Eduardo, 2002. "Tax Incentives for Business Investment: A Primer for Policy Makers in Developing Countries," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 30(9), pages 1497-1516, September.
    18. Pennings, Enrico, 2000. "Taxes and stimuli of investment under uncertainty," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 44(2), pages 383-391, February.
    19. Kim, Se-Jik, 1998. "Growth effect of taxes in an endogenous growth model: to what extent do taxes affect economic growth?," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 125-158, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Lukas, Elmar & Thiergart, Sascha, 2019. "The interaction of debt financing, cash grants and the optimal investment policy under uncertainty," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 276(1), pages 284-299.
    2. Abdramane Camara, 2023. "The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Tax Revenue," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 65(1), pages 168-190, March.
    3. Paolo M. Panteghini & Sergio Vergalli, 2016. "Accelerated depreciation, default risk and investment decisions," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 119(2), pages 113-130, October.
    4. Abdramane Camara, 2019. "The effect of foreign direct investment on tax revenue in developing countries," Working Papers hal-03188025, HAL.
    5. Zhang, Zixuan & Chronopoulos, Michail & Kyriakou, Ioannis & Dimitrova, Dimitrina S., 2024. "Bi-level optimisation of subsidy and capacity investment under competition and uncertainty," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 318(1), pages 327-340.
    6. Renz, André, 2016. "Die Relevanz von Replikationen in der experimentellen Steuerforschung: Eine Replikationsstudie zu Wahrnehmungsverzerrungen bei Subventionen," arqus Discussion Papers in Quantitative Tax Research 202, arqus - Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre.
    7. Ackermann, Hagen, 2015. "How does the type of subsidization affect investments: Experimental evidence," arqus Discussion Papers in Quantitative Tax Research 185, arqus - Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre.
    8. Kang, Minwook, 2022. "The positive impact of investment subsidies on the economy with present-biased consumers," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 229-235.
    9. Azevedo, Alcino & Pereira, Paulo J. & Rodrigues, Artur, 2021. "Optimal timing and capacity choice with taxes and subsidies under uncertainty," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    10. Tian, Yuan, 2018. "Optimal policy for attracting FDI: Investment cost subsidy versus tax rate reduction," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 151-159.
    11. Barbosa, Diogo & Carvalho, Vitor M. & Pereira, Paulo J., 2016. "Public stimulus for private investment: An extended real options model," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 52(PB), pages 742-748.
    12. Qiongzhi Liu & Xikai Zhang, 2023. "A Study on the Effects of Tax Reduction Policies on Fiscal Sustainability in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-20, May.
    13. Cesare Dosi & Michele Moretto & Roberto Tamborini, 2019. "Balanced-Budget Fiscal Stimuli of Investment and Welfare Value," EconPol Working Paper 28, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich.
    14. Kai Chang & Ning Lu & Ze Sheng Li & Yi Ran Wang, 2021. "The combined impacts of fiscal and credit policies on green firm's investment opportunity: Evidences from Chinese firm‐level analysis," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(7), pages 1822-1835, October.
    15. Jayeola OLABISI & Sunday Olugboyega KAJOLA & Dauda Adewole OLADEJO & John Ayodele AJAYI & Ibrahim Akanmu HAMZAT, 2019. "Corporate Tax Planning And Performance Of Nigerian Listed Oil & Gas Firms," Contemporary Economy Journal, Constantin Brancoveanu University, vol. 4(1), pages 12-24.
    16. Nagy, Roel L.G. & Hagspiel, Verena & Kort, Peter M., 2021. "Green capacity investment under subsidy withdrawal risk," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    17. Nagy, Roel L.G. & Fleten, Stein-Erik & Sendstad, Lars H., 2023. "Don’t stop me now: Incremental capacity growth under subsidy termination risk," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    18. Ofuan .J. Ilaboya & Monday .O. Izevbekhai & Friday .I. Ohiokha, 2016. "Tax Planning and Firm Value: A Review of Literature," Business and Management Research, Business and Management Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 5(2), pages 81-91, June.
    19. Haikel Khalfallah & Bibata Sagnon, 2023. "Coordination séquentielle des investissements dans la production d'électricité et dans le réseau électrique : le rôle des incitations renouvelables," Working Papers 2023-04, Grenoble Applied Economics Laboratory (GAEL).
    20. Paolo M. Panteghini & Sergio Vergalli, 2016. "Accelerated depreciation, default risk and investment decisions," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 119(2), pages 113-130, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sarkar, Sudipto, 2012. "Attracting private investment: Tax reduction, investment subsidy, or both?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 1780-1785.
    2. Tian, Yuan, 2018. "Optimal policy for attracting FDI: Investment cost subsidy versus tax rate reduction," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 151-159.
    3. Azevedo, Alcino & Pereira, Paulo J. & Rodrigues, Artur, 2021. "Optimal timing and capacity choice with taxes and subsidies under uncertainty," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    4. Tan, Yingxian & Pan, Zhihao & Wang, Rui & Wen, Chunhui, 2023. "Macroeconomic conditions and investment stimuli," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    5. Lukas, Elmar & Thiergart, Sascha, 2019. "The interaction of debt financing, cash grants and the optimal investment policy under uncertainty," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 276(1), pages 284-299.
    6. Barbosa, Diogo & Carvalho, Vitor M. & Pereira, Paulo J., 2016. "Public stimulus for private investment: An extended real options model," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 52(PB), pages 742-748.
    7. Luca Corato, 2016. "Investment stimuli under government present-biased time preferences," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 119(2), pages 101-111, October.
    8. Wong, Kit Pong, 2009. "Progressive taxation, tax exemption, and corporate liquidation policy," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 295-299, March.
    9. Yingjie Niu & Jinqiang Yang & Siqi Zhao, 2022. "Robust stimulus of private investment: Tax rate cut or investment subsidy?," International Journal of Economic Theory, The International Society for Economic Theory, vol. 18(3), pages 339-357, September.
    10. Renz, André, 2016. "Die Relevanz von Replikationen in der experimentellen Steuerforschung: Eine Replikationsstudie zu Wahrnehmungsverzerrungen bei Subventionen," arqus Discussion Papers in Quantitative Tax Research 202, arqus - Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre.
    11. Pennings, Enrico, 2005. "How to maximize domestic benefits from foreign investments: the effect of irreversibility and uncertainty," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 873-889, May.
    12. Zhang, Zixuan & Chronopoulos, Michail & Kyriakou, Ioannis & Dimitrova, Dimitrina S., 2024. "Bi-level optimisation of subsidy and capacity investment under competition and uncertainty," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 318(1), pages 327-340.
    13. Sarkar, Sudipto, 2008. "Can tax convexity be ignored in corporate financing decisions?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(7), pages 1310-1321, July.
    14. Paolo M. Panteghini, 2012. "Corporate Debt, Hybrid Securities, and the Effective Tax Rate," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 14(1), pages 161-186, February.
    15. Décamps, Jean-Paul & Gryglewicz, S. & Morellec, E. & Villeneuve, Stéphane, 2015. "Corporate Policies with Temporary and Permanent Shocks," TSE Working Papers 15-552, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), revised 15 Jun 2016.
    16. Qiao Liu & Kit Pong Wong, 2011. "Intellectual Capital and Financing Decisions: Evidence from the U.S. Patent Data," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 57(10), pages 1861-1878, October.
    17. Mr. Manuk Ghazanchyan & Mr. Alexander D Klemm & Yong Sarah Zhou, 2018. "Tax Incentives in Cambodia," IMF Working Papers 2018/071, International Monetary Fund.
    18. Hui Chen & Jianjun Miao & Neng Wang, 2010. "Entrepreneurial Finance and Nondiversifiable Risk," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(12), pages 4348-4388, December.
    19. Mitsuo Inada, 2022. "Promotion or liberalization: The effect of targeted investment policies on foreign direct investment inflows," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(5), pages 489-505, December.
    20. William M. Gentry & R. Glenn Hubbard, 1998. "Fundamental Tax Reform and Corporate Financial Policy," NBER Working Papers 6433, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wly:revfec:v:20:y:2011:i:4:p:123-129. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://doi.org/10.1002/(ISSN)1873-5924 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.