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How reasonable are assumptions used in theoretical models? Computational evidence on the likelihood of trade pattern changes

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  • Lisandro Abrego
  • Raymond Riezman
  • John Whalley

Abstract

In theoretical literature it is common to make the assumption that in a multi‐country, multi‐good world, the direction of trade (import and export by commodity) is predetermined and fixed for each good for each country. We consider a simple three‐country, three‐good, pure‐exchange model with CES preferences. We compute free trade competitive equilibria, three‐country non‐cooperative Nash equilibria, and customs union equilibria for randomised parameterizations, and find that trade pattern changes between free trade and customs union equilibria in around 35% of cases. Dans la littérature théorique spécialisée, il est assez commun de postuler que dans un monde à plusieurs pays, et à plusieurs biens, la direction du commerce (importations et exportations ventilées par biens) est prédéterminée et fixe pour chaque bien et chaque pays. Les auteurs examinent le cas d'un modèle simple d'échange pur à trois pays et trois biens où les préférences ont des élasticités constantes de substitution. On calcule les équilibres concurrentiels de libre échange, les équilibres non coopératifs de trois pays à la Nash, et des équilibres d'unions douanières pour certaines paramétrisations aléatoires. Il semble qu'il y a changement dans les patterns de commerce dans 35% des cas quand on passe d'équilibres de libre échange à des équilibres d'unions douanières.

Suggested Citation

  • Lisandro Abrego & Raymond Riezman & John Whalley, 2006. "How reasonable are assumptions used in theoretical models? Computational evidence on the likelihood of trade pattern changes," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 39(3), pages 781-789, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:39:y:2006:i:3:p:781-789
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-5982.2006.00369.x
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    1. Raymond RIEZMAN, 2013. "Customs Unions and the Core," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Raymond Riezman (ed.), International Trade Agreements and Political Economy, chapter 3, pages 33-43, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    2. M. Ayhan Kose & Raymond Riezman, 2013. "Understanding the Welfare Implications of Preferential Trade Agreements," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Raymond Riezman (ed.), International Trade Agreements and Political Economy, chapter 7, pages 85-99, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    3. M. Ayhan Kose & Raymond Riezman, 2013. "Understanding the Welfare Implications of Preferential Trade Agreements," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Raymond Riezman (ed.),International Trade Agreements and Political Economy, chapter 7, pages 85-99, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    4. John Kennan & Raymond Riezman, 2013. "Optimal Tariff Equilibria with Customs Unions," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Raymond Riezman (ed.), International Trade Agreements and Political Economy, chapter 5, pages 53-66, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    5. Raymond RIEZMAN, 2013. "A 3 × 3 Model of Customs Unions," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Raymond Riezman (ed.), International Trade Agreements and Political Economy, chapter 1, pages 7-20, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    6. Syropoulos, Constantinos, 1999. "Customs Unions and Comparative Advantage," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 51(2), pages 239-266, April.
    7. Berglas, Eitan, 1979. "Preferential Trading Theory: The n Commodity Case," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 87(2), pages 315-331, April.
    8. Kehoe, Timothy J, 1980. "An Index Theorem for General Equilibrium Models with Production," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 48(5), pages 1211-1232, July.
    9. John Kennan & Raymond Riezman, 2013. "Do Big Countries Win Tariff Wars?," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Raymond Riezman (ed.), International Trade Agreements and Political Economy, chapter 4, pages 45-51, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    10. Lloyd, P. J., 1982. "3 x 3 theory of customs unions," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(1-2), pages 41-63, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Edgar Cudmore & John Whalley, 2005. "Border Delays and Trade Liberalization," NBER Chapters, in: International Trade in East Asia, pages 391-406, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Chattopadhyay, Subir & Mitka, Malgorzata M., 2019. "Nash equilibrium in tariffs in a multi-country trade model," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 225-242.
    3. Whalley John & Yu Jun & Zhang Shunming, 2012. "Trade Retaliation in a Monetary-Trade Model," Global Economy Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 12(1), pages 1-29, March.
    4. Bekkers, Eddy & Teh, Robert, 2019. "Potential Economic Effects of a Global Trade Conflict: Projecting the medium-run effects with the WTO Global Trade Model," Conference papers 333120, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    5. John Whalley, 2005. "Pitfalls in the Use of Ad valorem Equivalent Representations of the Trade Impacts of Domestic Policies," CESifo Working Paper Series 1480, CESifo.
    6. Sen, Rahul & Narayanan, Badri & Srivastava, Sadhana & Khorana, Sangeeta & Iyer, Chidambaran, 2020. "The Long-term Impact of Trade Wars and ‘Make in India on the Indian Economy," Conference papers 330229, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    7. Bekkers, Eddy & Teh, Robert, 2019. "Potential economic effects of a global trade conflict: Projecting the medium-run effects with the WTO global trade model," WTO Staff Working Papers ERSD-2019-04, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division.
    8. Agnieszka Hajdukiewicz & Bożena Pera, 2020. "International Trade Disputes over Renewable Energy—the Case of the Solar Photovoltaic Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-23, January.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations

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