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Trust and Uncertainty: A Study of Bank Lending to Private SMEs in Vietnam

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  • THANG V. NGUYEN
  • NGOC T. B. LE
  • NICK J. FREEMAN

Abstract

This research explores the question of how -- in the absence of institutions that legitimate markets, contracts, and private property, and the lack of business data -- banks make loan decisions to the private sector. We conducted in-depth interviews with 23 bankers of state-owned and private banks in Vietnam. Our results suggests that in the absence of effective market institutions and business data, banks in Vietnam face considerable uncertainties (rather than risks) in lending to private businesses. Consequently, banks employ a combination of uncertainty avoidance, and reliance on trust, in lending to their private business clients. We also found a strong association between types of banks (state and privately owned) and uncertainty strategies, as well as strong relationships between types of banks and trust development mechanisms.

Suggested Citation

  • Thang V. Nguyen & Ngoc T. B. Le & Nick J. Freeman, 2006. "Trust and Uncertainty: A Study of Bank Lending to Private SMEs in Vietnam," Asia Pacific Business Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(4), pages 547-568, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:apbizr:v:12:y:2006:i:4:p:547-568
    DOI: 10.1080/13602380600571260
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    Cited by:

    1. Bach Nguyen, 2022. "Small business investment: The importance of financing strategies and social networks," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(3), pages 2849-2872, July.
    2. Vuong, Quan-Hoang, 2017. "The Vietnamese financial economy: reforms and development, 1986-2016," OSF Preprints g7e6t, Center for Open Science.
    3. Pham, Tho & Talavera, Oleksandr, 2018. "Discrimination, Social Capital, and Financial Constraints: The Case of Viet Nam," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 228-242.
    4. Pham, Tho & Talavera, Oleksandr, 2018. "Discrimination, Social Capital, and Financial Constraints: The Case of Viet Nam," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 228-242.
    5. Nicolas, Christina & Tarazi, Amine & Ozturk Danisman, Gamze, 2023. "Disentangling the effect of Trust on Bank Lending," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 360-378.
    6. Hang Thu Nguyen & Hiep Manh Nguyen & Michael Troege & Anh T. H. Nguyen, 2021. "Debt aversion, education, and credit self-rationing in SMEs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(3), pages 1125-1143, October.
    7. Nguyen, Thang V. & Le, Ngoc T.B. & Bryant, Scott E., 2013. "Sub-national institutions, firm strategies, and firm performance: A multilevel study of private manufacturing firms in Vietnam," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 68-76.
    8. Bach Nguyen & Nguyen Phuc Canh, 2021. "Formal and informal financing decisions of small businesses," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(3), pages 1545-1567, October.
    9. Viet-Ha T. Nguyen & Hong Kong Nguyen-To & Thu Trang Vuong & Manh Tung Ho & Quan-Hoang Vuong, 2018. "How swelling debts give rise to a new type of politics in Vietnam," Working Papers CEB 18-026, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    10. Hua Song & Lan Wang, 2013. "The impact of private and family firms’ relational strength on financing performance in clusters," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 30(3), pages 735-748, September.
    11. Jerry X. Cao & Yuan Ding & Hua Zhang, 2016. "Social Capital, Informal Governance, and Post-IPO Firm Performance: A Study of Chinese Entrepreneurial Firms," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 134(4), pages 529-551, April.
    12. Sana Ullah & Muhammad Tariq Majeed & Babur Wasim Arif, 2021. "Social capital and firms’ choice of financing under credit constraints: microeconomic evidence from Pakistan," DECISION: Official Journal of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Springer;Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, vol. 48(1), pages 3-13, March.
    13. Phuoc Vu Ha & Michael Frömmel, 2019. "Social Capital, Credit Choices And Growth In Vietnamese Household Businesses," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 24(03), pages 1-19, September.
    14. Ha, Le Thanh & Dung, Hoang Phuong & Thanh, To Trung, 2023. "Bribery, global value chain decisions, and institutional constraints: Evidence from a cross-country firm-level data," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 119-142.
    15. Naegels, Vanessa & D’Espallier, Bert & Mori, Neema, 2020. "Perceived problems with collateral: The value of informal networking," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 32-45.
    16. Bach Nguyen & Hoa Do & Chau Le, 2022. "How much state ownership do hybrid firms need for better performance?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(3), pages 845-871, October.
    17. Alexander Lascaux, 2015. "Crowding Out Trust in the Informal Monetary Relationships: The Curious Case of the Hawala System," Forum for Social Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(1), pages 87-107, April.
    18. Ngoc T.B. Le & Thang V. Nguyen, 2009. "The Impact of Networking on Bank Financing: The Case of Small and Medium–Sized Enterprises in Vietnam," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 33(4), pages 867-887, July.

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