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The transboundary effects of climate change and global adaptation: the case of the Euphrates–Tigris water basin in Turkey and Iraq

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  • Eleftherios Giovanis

    (Izmir Bakircay University)

  • Oznur Ozdamar

    (Izmir Bakircay University)

Abstract

Drought has erupted across the Middle East due to climate change and global warming, leading to a considerable reduction in rainfall and snowfall and a substantial drop in water resources. The Euphrates–Tigris water basin is a significant source of water supply for Turkey and Iraq, where the latter is a downstream riparian country, and the former is an upstream country. We aim to explore the impact of climate change shocks on the economic welfare of households in Iraq. The empirical analysis relies on data from the Iraqi Household Socio-Economic Survey conducted in 2012 and the 2017 Rapid Welfare Monitoring Survey. We apply simultaneous unrelated regression equations with probit models. We further extend the analysis by incorporating an instrumental variables approach. The findings show a significant impact of climate change-related shocks on income, assets, food production and stock, and the overall economic situation of households in Iraq.

Suggested Citation

  • Eleftherios Giovanis & Oznur Ozdamar, 2025. "The transboundary effects of climate change and global adaptation: the case of the Euphrates–Tigris water basin in Turkey and Iraq," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 68(4), pages 1935-1972, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:empeco:v:68:y:2025:i:4:d:10.1007_s00181-024-02690-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s00181-024-02690-0
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