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Land Use/Land Cover Change Analysis Using Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study of Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Basin

Author

Listed:
  • Azher Ibrahim Al-Taei

    (Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran)

  • Ali Asghar Alesheikh

    (Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran)

  • Ali Darvishi Boloorani

    (Department of Remote Sensing & GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-4665, Iran)

Abstract

Multi-temporal land use/land cover (LULC) change analysis is essential for environmental planning and recourses management. Various global LULC datasets are available now. However, they do not show strong consistency on a regional scale and are mainly time limited. Therefore, high-quality multi-temporal LULC mapping with reasonable consistency on a regional scale is still demanding. In this study, using the Landsat 7, Landsat 8, and the NASA digital elevation model (DEM), LULC mapping of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers basin (TEB) was performed by random forest (RF) classifier in the Google Earth Engine platform during 2000–2022. The spectral bands, spectral indices, morphological, and textural features were applied in the developed procedure. The results indicated that the proposed approach had accurate performance (accuracy = 0.893 and an F score = 0.820) with a good consistency with previous studies. The feature importance evaluation was carried out using Gini index, and spectral indices were identified as the most important features in LULC mapping. Overall, severe LULC change has happened in the TEB during the last two decades. Our results revealed the expansion of water and built-up classes while trees class has experienced a decreasing trend. From a regional perspective, three main areas in the east and south-east of Iraq, north-west of Iraq, and east of Syria were identified where LULC change was intense. These areas are prone to land degradation and dust storms emission problems, and it is necessary to take steps to prevent severe LULC changes in them.

Suggested Citation

  • Azher Ibrahim Al-Taei & Ali Asghar Alesheikh & Ali Darvishi Boloorani, 2023. "Land Use/Land Cover Change Analysis Using Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study of Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Basin," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-14, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:5:p:1101-:d:1151943
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eleftherios Giovanis & Oznur Ozdamar, 2025. "The transboundary effects of climate change and global adaptation: the case of the Euphrates–Tigris water basin in Turkey and Iraq," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 68(4), pages 1935-1972, April.
    2. Farbod Farhangi & Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki & Seyed Vahid Razavi-Termeh & Soo-Mi Choi, 2021. "Evaluation of Tree-Based Machine Learning Algorithms for Accident Risk Mapping Caused by Driver Lack of Alertness at a National Scale," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-25, September.
    3. Sivan Hisham Al Jarah & Bo Zhou & Rebaz Jalil Abdullah & Yawen Lu & Wenting Yu, 2019. "Urbanization and Urban Sprawl Issues in City Structure: A Case of the Sulaymaniah Iraqi Kurdistan Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-21, January.
    4. Sheng Yue & ChunYuan Wang, 2004. "The Mann-Kendall Test Modified by Effective Sample Size to Detect Trend in Serially Correlated Hydrological Series," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 18(3), pages 201-218, June.
    5. Kotapati Narayana Loukika & Venkata Reddy Keesara & Venkataramana Sridhar, 2021. "Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Using Machine Learning Algorithms on Google Earth Engine for Munneru River Basin, India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-15, December.
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    1. Jecar Tedera Dadole & Kristine Sanchez Companion & Elizabeth Edan Albiento & Raquel Masalig, 2025. "Multitemporal Analysis of Urban Heat Island Dynamics in Response to Land-Use/Land-Cover (LULC) Changes in Bukidnon Province, Philippines (2017–2024)," World, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-21, April.

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