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Trend Analysis in Reference Evapotranspiration Using Mann-Kendall and Spearman’s Rho Tests in Arid Regions of Iran

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  • Mojtaba Shadmani
  • Safar Marofi
  • Majid Roknian

Abstract

In this research, temporal trends of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) values were investigated in arid regions of Iran. For this purpose, meteorological observations collected from 11 high quality meteorological sites over a 41-year period (1965–2005) were used and statistically significant ET0 trends in the monthly, seasonal and annual time basis were detected using nonparametric Mann-Kendall (MK) and Spearman’s Rho (SR) tests at the 5% significant level. To eliminate the effect of serial correlation on the test results, the Trend Free Pre-Whitening (TFPW) approach was applied. The results of this study indicated that the ET0 trends for some cities were increasing (positive) however, for some sites, they showed decreasing (negative) trends. The most number of significant ET0 trends on a monthly time scale occurred at Birjand but no significant trend was observed at the Bandarabbas, Sabzevar and Semnan sites. On the annual time scale, Mashhad revealed the highest positive trend (7.5 mm per year). On the other hand, Esfahan showed the highest decreasing (negative) ET0 trend of about −6.38 mm per year. In general, the performances and abilities of the MK and SR tests were consistent at the verified significant level. Copyright The Author(s) 2012

Suggested Citation

  • Mojtaba Shadmani & Safar Marofi & Majid Roknian, 2012. "Trend Analysis in Reference Evapotranspiration Using Mann-Kendall and Spearman’s Rho Tests in Arid Regions of Iran," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(1), pages 211-224, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:26:y:2012:i:1:p:211-224
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-011-9913-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hossein Tabari & Safar Marofi, 2011. "Changes of Pan Evaporation in the West of Iran," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(1), pages 97-111, January.
    2. Sheng Yue & ChunYuan Wang, 2004. "The Mann-Kendall Test Modified by Effective Sample Size to Detect Trend in Serially Correlated Hydrological Series," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 18(3), pages 201-218, June.
    3. Hong Wu & Leen-Kiat Soh & Ashok Samal & Xun-Hong Chen, 2008. "Trend Analysis of Streamflow Drought Events in Nebraska," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 22(2), pages 145-164, February.
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