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Multitemporal Analysis of Urban Heat Island Dynamics in Response to Land-Use/Land-Cover (LULC) Changes in Bukidnon Province, Philippines (2017–2024)

Author

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  • Jecar Tedera Dadole

    (College of Engineering, Mindanao State University–Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
    School of Engineering and Technology, J. H. Cerilles State College, San Miguel 7029, Philippines)

  • Kristine Sanchez Companion

    (College of Engineering, Mindanao State University–Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines)

  • Elizabeth Edan Albiento

    (College of Engineering, Mindanao State University–Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines)

  • Raquel Masalig

    (College of Engineering, Mindanao State University–Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines)

Abstract

Urbanization has transformed natural landscapes, resulting in increased land surface temperatures and the intensification of urban heat island (UHI) effects. This study explores the relationship between land-use/land-cover (LULC) changes and land surface temperature (LST) from 2017 to 2024, using satellite data from Landsat and Sentinel. The results from supervised classification reveal a 50.9% increase in built-up land, from 21,256 hectares in 2017 to 32,099 hectares in 2024, accompanied by a 6.3% decline in woodland. Analysis of the LST data highlights rising temperatures in urbanized and deforested areas, with LST peaking at 36.96 °C in 2020 before slightly decreasing to 31.03 °C in 2024, potentially influenced by increased rainfall. However, hotspots of elevated LST persist, indicating sustained thermal stress. The urban thermal field variance index (UTFVI) showed worsening ecological conditions, particularly in densely urbanized zones. The study highlights the pressing need for integrating urban heat island (UHI) considerations into urban planning, as elevated urban temperatures threaten public health and escalate energy consumption. Additionally, the research aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11), emphasizing the creation of inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable cities. By providing policymakers with key UHI indices, this study contributes to climate-resilient urban environments, mitigating heat risks through green infrastructure and sustainable urban design.

Suggested Citation

  • Jecar Tedera Dadole & Kristine Sanchez Companion & Elizabeth Edan Albiento & Raquel Masalig, 2025. "Multitemporal Analysis of Urban Heat Island Dynamics in Response to Land-Use/Land-Cover (LULC) Changes in Bukidnon Province, Philippines (2017–2024)," World, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-21, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jworld:v:6:y:2025:i:2:p:52-:d:1639073
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Md Tanvir Miah & Jannatun Nahar Fariha & Pankaj Kanti Jodder & Abdulla Al Kafy & Raiyan Raiyan & Salima Ahamed Usha & Juvair Hossan & Khan Rubayet Rahaman, 2024. "Urban Heat Island and Environmental Degradation Analysis Utilizing a Remote Sensing Technique in Rapidly Urbanizing South Asian Cities," World, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-31, October.
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    3. Azher Ibrahim Al-Taei & Ali Asghar Alesheikh & Ali Darvishi Boloorani, 2023. "Land Use/Land Cover Change Analysis Using Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study of Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Basin," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-14, May.
    4. Xiangming Mao & Gula Tang & Jiaqiang Du & Xiaotong Tian, 2023. "Biophysical Effects of Land Cover Changes on Land Surface Temperature on the Sichuan Basin and Surrounding Regions," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-14, October.
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