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Land-Use/Land-Cover Changes and Its Contribution to Urban Heat Island: A Case Study of Islamabad, Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Sadiq Khan

    (State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Sami Ullah

    (Department of Forestry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal 18000, Pakistan)

  • Tao Sun

    (State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China)

  • Arif UR Rehman

    (College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Liding Chen

    (State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

Abstract

One of the essential anthropogenic influences on urban climate is land-use/land-cover (LULC) change due to urbanization, which has a direct impact on land surface temperature (LST). However, LULC changes affect LST, and further, urban heat island (UHI) still needs to be investigated. In this study, we estimated changes in LULC from 1993 to 2018, its warming (positive) and cooling (negative) effect, and their contribution to relative LST (RLST) in the city of Islamabad using satellite remote-sensing data. The LULC was classified using a random forest (RF) classifier, and LST was retrieved by a standardized radiative transfer equation (RTE). Our results reveal that the impervious surfaces has increased by 11.9% on the cost of declining barren land, forest land, grass/agriculture land, and water bodies in the last 26 years. LULC conversion contributed warming effects such as forest land, water bodies, and grass/agriculture land transformed into impervious surfaces, inducing a warming contribution of 1.52 °C. In contrast, the replacement of barren land and impervious surfaces by forest land and water bodies may have a cooling contribution of −0.85 °C to RLST. Furthermore, based on the standardized scale (10%) of LULC changes, the conversion of forest land into impervious surfaces contributed 1% compared to back conversion by −0.2%. The positive contribution to UHI due to the transformation of a natural surface to the human-made surface was found higher than the negative (cooler) contribution due to continued anthropogenic activities. The information will be useful for urban managers and decision makers in land-use planning to control the soaring surface temperature for a comfortable living environment and sustainable cities.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Sadiq Khan & Sami Ullah & Tao Sun & Arif UR Rehman & Liding Chen, 2020. "Land-Use/Land-Cover Changes and Its Contribution to Urban Heat Island: A Case Study of Islamabad, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:9:p:3861-:d:355810
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sun, Ranhao & Chen, Liding, 2017. "Effects of green space dynamics on urban heat islands: Mitigation and diversification," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 38-46.
    2. Hammad Gilani & Sohail Ahmad & Waqas Ahmed Qazi & Syed Muhammad Abubakar & Murtaza Khalid, 2020. "Monitoring of Urban Landscape Ecology Dynamics of Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), Pakistan, Over Four Decades (1976–2016)," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-23, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Abdul Mannan & Fan Yongxiang & Tauheed Ullah Khan & Syed Moazzam Nizami & Beckline Mukete & Adnan Ahmad & Ummay Amara & Jincheng Liu & Mamoona Wali Muhammad, 2021. "Urban Growth Patterns and Forest Carbon Dynamics in the Metropolitan Twin Cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-14, November.
    2. Muhammad Sadiq Khan & Sami Ullah & Liding Chen, 2021. "Comparison on Land-Use/Land-Cover Indices in Explaining Land Surface Temperature Variations in the City of Beijing, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-20, September.
    3. Yang Lu & Jiansi Yang & Song Ma, 2021. "Dynamic Changes of Local Climate Zones in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area and Their Spatio-Temporal Impacts on the Surface Urban Heat Island Effect between 2005 and 2015," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-20, June.
    4. Noor ul Ain Binte Wasif Ali & Sarah Amir & Kanwar Muhammad Javed Iqbal & Ashfaq Ahmad Shah & Zafeer Saqib & Nadia Akhtar & Wahid Ullah & Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq, 2022. "Analysis of Land Surface Temperature Dynamics in Islamabad by Using MODIS Remote Sensing Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-15, August.
    5. Xiaopei Wu & Can Yi & Wenwen Cui & Zhi Zhang & Chen Yan & Xiangcai Xie, 2023. "Analysis of Human Disturbance Features in Natural Reserves and Empirical Research on Their Restoration: A Case Study of the Huangchulin Nature Reserve in Fujian Province," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, January.
    6. Yongguang Hu & Ali Raza & Neyha Rubab Syed & Siham Acharki & Ram L. Ray & Sajjad Hussain & Hossein Dehghanisanij & Muhammad Zubair & Ahmed Elbeltagi, 2023. "Land Use/Land Cover Change Detection and NDVI Estimation in Pakistan’s Southern Punjab Province," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-21, February.
    7. Muhammad Sajid Mehmood & Zeeshan Zafar & Muhammad Sajjad & Sadam Hussain & Shiyan Zhai & Yaochen Qin, 2022. "Time Series Analyses and Forecasting of Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity Using ARIMA Model in Punjab, Pakistan," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-20, December.

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