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Spatial Variation of Urban Thermal Environment and Its Relation to Green Space Patterns: Implication to Sustainable Landscape Planning

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  • Zhijie Wu

    (XJTLU-Suzhou Urban & Environment Research Institute, Suzhou 215200, Jiangsu, China)

  • Yixin Zhang

    (XJTLU-Suzhou Urban & Environment Research Institute, Suzhou 215200, Jiangsu, China
    XJTLU-Huai’an Research Institute of New-type Urbanization, Huai’an 223005, Jiangsu, China
    Department of Environmental Science, Xi’an Jiaotong-liverpool Uiversity (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China)

Abstract

The rapid changes of land covers in urban areas are one of major environmental concerns because of their environmental impacts. Such land cover changes include the transformation of green space to impervious surface, and the increase of land surface temperature (LST). The objective of this study was to examine the spatial variation of urban landscape composition and configuration, as well as their influences on LST in Suzhou City, China. Landsat-8 image was processed to extract land covers and retrieve LSTs that were used to study relationship between spatial variation of LST and land covers. The results indicated that there was a significantly negative correlation between mean LST and green space coverage along the urban–rural gradients. With every 10% increased green space coverage, the mean LST drop was about 1.41 °C. A grid-base analysis performed at various grid sizes indicated that an increase in the percentage of surface water body area has a greater cooling effect of the mean LST than a vegetation increase. The mean LST had a significantly negative correlation with both the shape and aggregation indexes of the green space patches. Our results suggest that the sustainable landscape planning of green space in a typical city with a large water area should include both the vegetation and the surface water covers. The increased percentage of vegetation and surface water covers had the greatest cooling effect on an urban thermal environment, which is one of the ecosystem services that green space provides. A dense distribution of green space patches with complex shapes should be considered in urban sustainable landscape planning for increasing ecosystem services.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhijie Wu & Yixin Zhang, 2018. "Spatial Variation of Urban Thermal Environment and Its Relation to Green Space Patterns: Implication to Sustainable Landscape Planning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-11, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:7:p:2249-:d:155341
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    1. repec:asg:wpaper:1039 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Sun, Ranhao & Chen, Liding, 2017. "Effects of green space dynamics on urban heat islands: Mitigation and diversification," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 38-46.
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    2. Tian Wang & Hui Tu & Bo Min & Zuzheng Li & Xiaofang Li & Qingxiang You, 2022. "The Mitigation Effect of Park Landscape on Thermal Environment in Shanghai City Based on Remote Sensing Retrieval Method," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-24, March.
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    4. Zhijie Wu & Yixin Zhang, 2019. "Water Bodies’ Cooling Effects on Urban Land Daytime Surface Temperature: Ecosystem Service Reducing Heat Island Effect," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-11, February.
    5. Xuan Zhao & Jianjun Liu & Yuankun Bu, 2021. "Quantitative Analysis of Spatial Heterogeneity and Driving Forces of the Thermal Environment in Urban Built-up Areas: A Case Study in Xi’an, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-13, February.
    6. Peihao Song & Gunwoo Kim & Audrey Mayer & Ruizhen He & Guohang Tian, 2020. "Assessing the Ecosystem Services of Various Types of Urban Green Spaces Based on i-Tree Eco," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-16, February.
    7. Xindi Zhang & Yixin Zhang & Jun Zhai & Yongfa Wu & Anyuan Mao, 2021. "Waterscapes for Promoting Mental Health in the General Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-15, November.
    8. Jingming Qian & Shujiang Miao & Nigel Tapper & Jianguang Xie & Greg Ingleton, 2020. "Investigation on Airport Landscape Cooling Associated with Irrigation: A Case Study of Adelaide Airport, Australia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-16, October.
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