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Effect of Land Surface Temperature on Urban Heat Island in Varanasi City, India

Author

Listed:
  • Amit Kumar

    (School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK)

  • Vivek Agarwal

    (Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK)

  • Lalit Pal

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India)

  • Surendra Kumar Chandniha

    (Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Raipur, Raipur 492012, India)

  • Vishal Mishra

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India)

Abstract

Crucial changes in urban climate can be witnessed due to rapid urbanisation of cities across the world. It is important to find a balance between urban expansion and thermal environment quality to guarantee sustainable urban development. Thus, it is a major research priority to study the urban heat island (UHI) in various fields, i.e., climate change urban ecology, urban climatology, urban planning, mitigation and management, urban geography, etc. The present study highlighted the interrelationship between land surface temperature (LST) and the abundance of impervious cover and green cover in the Varanasi city of Uttar Pradesh, India. For this purpose, we used various GIS and remote-sensing techniques. Landsat 8 images, land-use–land-cover pattern including urban/rural gradients, and grid- and metric-based multi-resolution techniques were used for the analysis. From the study, it was noticed that LST, density of impervious cover, and density of green cover were correlated significantly, and an urban gradient existed over the entire city, depicting a typical UHI profile. It was also concluded that the orientation, randomness, and aggregation of impervious cover and green cover have a strong correlation with LST. From this study, it is recommended that, when planning urban extension, spatial variation of impervious cover and green cover are designed properly to ensure the comfort of all living beings as per the ecological point of view.

Suggested Citation

  • Amit Kumar & Vivek Agarwal & Lalit Pal & Surendra Kumar Chandniha & Vishal Mishra, 2021. "Effect of Land Surface Temperature on Urban Heat Island in Varanasi City, India," J, MDPI, vol. 4(3), pages 1-10, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jjopen:v:4:y:2021:i:3:p:32-429:d:609439
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhijie Wu & Yixin Zhang, 2018. "Spatial Variation of Urban Thermal Environment and Its Relation to Green Space Patterns: Implication to Sustainable Landscape Planning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-11, June.
    2. Hannah Hoag, 2015. "How cities can beat the heat," Nature, Nature, vol. 524(7566), pages 402-404, August.
    3. Yu Song & Xiaodong Song & Guofan Shao, 2020. "Effects of Green Space Patterns on Urban Thermal Environment at Multiple Spatial–Temporal Scales," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-18, August.
    4. Sun, Ranhao & Chen, Liding, 2017. "Effects of green space dynamics on urban heat islands: Mitigation and diversification," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 38-46.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Rajeeb Samanta & Vivek Singh & Ranjana Bajpai & Abhishek Lodh & Ashish Routray & Aman Srivastava, 2026. "Advances in the monitoring and forecasting of urban extreme meteorological events: a bibliometric review," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 122(5), pages 1-39, March.

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