IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i11p6374-d568516.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Dynamic Changes of Local Climate Zones in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area and Their Spatio-Temporal Impacts on the Surface Urban Heat Island Effect between 2005 and 2015

Author

Listed:
  • Yang Lu

    (School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)

  • Jiansi Yang

    (School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)

  • Song Ma

    (Shenzhen Environment Monitoring Center, Shenzhen 518000, China)

Abstract

Local climate zones (LCZs) emphasize the influence of representative geometric properties and surface cover characteristics on the local climate. In this paper, we propose a multi-temporal LCZ mapping method, which was used to obtain LCZ maps for 2005 and 2015 in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), and we analyze the effects of LCZ changes in the GBA on land surface temperature (LST) changes. The results reveal that: (1) The accuracy of the LCZ mapping of the GBA for 2005 and 2015 is 85.03% and 85.28%, respectively. (2) The built type category showing the largest increase in area from 2005 to 2015 is LCZ8 (large low-rise), with a 1.01% increase. The changes of the LCZs also vary among the cities due to the different factors, such as the economic development level and local policies. (3) The area showing a warming trend is larger than the area showing a cooling trend in all the cities in the GBA study area. The main reasons for the warming are the increase of built types, the enhancement of human activities, and the heat radiation from surrounding high-temperature areas. (4) The spatial morphology changes of the built type categories are positively correlated with the LST changes, and the morphological changes of the LCZ4 (open high-rise) and LCZ5 (open midrise) built types exert the most significant influence. These findings will provide important insights for urban heat mitigation via rational landscape design in urban planning management.

Suggested Citation

  • Yang Lu & Jiansi Yang & Song Ma, 2021. "Dynamic Changes of Local Climate Zones in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area and Their Spatio-Temporal Impacts on the Surface Urban Heat Island Effect between 2005 and 2015," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-20, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:11:p:6374-:d:568516
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/11/6374/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/11/6374/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xuan Zhao & Jianjun Liu & Yuankun Bu, 2021. "Quantitative Analysis of Spatial Heterogeneity and Driving Forces of the Thermal Environment in Urban Built-up Areas: A Case Study in Xi’an, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-13, February.
    2. Hongyu Du & Fengqi Zhou & Chunlan Li & Wenbo Cai & Hong Jiang & Yongli Cai, 2020. "Analysis of the Impact of Land Use on Spatiotemporal Patterns of Surface Urban Heat Island in Rapid Urbanization, a Case Study of Shanghai, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-17, February.
    3. Yuhe Ma & Mudan Zhao & Jianbo Li & Jian Wang & Lifa Hu, 2021. "Cooling Effect of Different Land Cover Types: A Case Study in Xi’an and Xianyang, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-16, January.
    4. Zhou, Ya & Shan, Yuli & Liu, Guosheng & Guan, Dabo, 2018. "Emissions and low-carbon development in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area cities and their surroundings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1683-1692.
    5. Lizhong Hua & Xinxin Zhang & Qin Nie & Fengqin Sun & Lina Tang, 2020. "The Impacts of the Expansion of Urban Impervious Surfaces on Urban Heat Islands in a Coastal City in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-21, January.
    6. Darshana Athukorala & Yuji Murayama, 2020. "Spatial Variation of Land Use/Cover Composition and Impact on Surface Urban Heat Island in a Tropical Sub-Saharan City of Accra, Ghana," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-20, September.
    7. Muhammad Sadiq Khan & Sami Ullah & Tao Sun & Arif UR Rehman & Liding Chen, 2020. "Land-Use/Land-Cover Changes and Its Contribution to Urban Heat Island: A Case Study of Islamabad, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-17, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Fei He & Luyun Liu & Yu Huang & Komi Bernard Bedra & Minhuan Zhang, 2023. "Investigating the Spatial Heterogeneity of Urban Heat Island Responses to Climate Change Based on Local Climate Zones," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-19, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. David Hidalgo García, 2023. "Evaluation and Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Main Mitigation Measures against Surface Urban Heat Islands in Different Local Climate Zones through Remote Sensing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-23, July.
    2. Xiao, Huijuan & Wang, Daoping & Qi, Yu & Shao, Shuai & Zhou, Ya & Shan, Yuli, 2021. "The governance-production nexus of eco-efficiency in Chinese resource-based cities: A two-stage network DEA approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    3. Dawei Wen & Song Ma & Anlu Zhang & Xinli Ke, 2021. "Spatial Pattern Analysis of the Ecosystem Services in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Imagery Based on Deep Learning Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, June.
    4. Haifeng Yang & Guofang Zhai & Yifu Ge & Tong Jiang & Buda Su, 2025. "Spatial–Temporal Difference of Urban Carbon Budget and Carbon Compensation Optimization Partition from the Perspective of Spatial Planning," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-19, February.
    5. Shuxin Fan & Mengyuan Zhang & Yilun Li & Kun Li & Li Dong, 2021. "Impacts of Composition and Canopy Characteristics of Plant Communities on Microclimate and Airborne Particles in Beijing, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-17, April.
    6. Ding, Dan & Liu, Xiaoping & Xu, Xiaocong, 2024. "Projecting the future fine-resolution carbon dioxide emissions under the shared socioeconomic pathways for carbon peak evaluation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 365(C).
    7. Huwei Wen & Yupeng Liu & Yutong Liu, 2024. "Impact of Digitalization on Investment and Productivity of Manufacturing Industry: Evidence from China," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(3), pages 21582440241, September.
    8. Lizhong Hua & Haibo Wang & Huafeng Zhang & Fengqin Sun & Lanhui Li & Lina Tang, 2023. "A New Technique for Impervious Surface Mapping and Its Spatio-Temporal Changes from Landsat and Sentinel-2 Images," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-27, May.
    9. Xiao, Huijuan & Duan, Zhiyuan & Zhou, Ya & Zhang, Ning & Shan, Yuli & Lin, Xiyan & Liu, Guosheng, 2019. "CO2 emission patterns in shrinking and growing cities: A case study of Northeast China and the Yangtze River Delta," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    10. Yongguang Hu & Ali Raza & Neyha Rubab Syed & Siham Acharki & Ram L. Ray & Sajjad Hussain & Hossein Dehghanisanij & Muhammad Zubair & Ahmed Elbeltagi, 2023. "Land Use/Land Cover Change Detection and NDVI Estimation in Pakistan’s Southern Punjab Province," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-21, February.
    11. Ola G. El‐Taliawi & Nihit Goyal & Michael Howlett, 2021. "Holding out the promise of Lasswell's dream: Big data analytics in public policy research and teaching," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 38(6), pages 640-660, November.
    12. Jecar Tedera Dadole & Kristine Sanchez Companion & Elizabeth Edan Albiento & Raquel Masalig, 2025. "Multitemporal Analysis of Urban Heat Island Dynamics in Response to Land-Use/Land-Cover (LULC) Changes in Bukidnon Province, Philippines (2017–2024)," World, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-21, April.
    13. Wenjing Wang & Tong Wu & Yuanzheng Li & Shilin Xie & Baolong Han & Hua Zheng & Zhiyun Ouyang, 2020. "Urbanization Impacts on Natural Habitat and Ecosystem Services in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao “Megacity”," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-17, August.
    14. Fang, Guochang & Chen, Gang & Yang, Kun & Yin, Weijun & Tian, Lixin, 2024. "How does green fiscal expenditure promote green total factor energy efficiency? — Evidence from Chinese 254 cities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PA).
    15. Ziyan Lu & Tongxin Zhong & Yue Qiao & Guiyi Wu & Haishun Xu, 2025. "Enhancing Microclimate Sustainability: The Impact of Blue–Green–Gray Underlying Surfaces in Stormwater Parks Under Subtropical Monsoon Climates," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-24, March.
    16. Muhammad Sajid Mehmood & Zeeshan Zafar & Muhammad Sajjad & Sadam Hussain & Shiyan Zhai & Yaochen Qin, 2022. "Time Series Analyses and Forecasting of Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity Using ARIMA Model in Punjab, Pakistan," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-20, December.
    17. Kai Liu & Ziyi Ni & Mei Ren & Xiaoqing Zhang, 2022. "Spatial Differences and Influential Factors of Urban Carbon Emissions in China under the Target of Carbon Neutrality," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-14, May.
    18. S. M. Talha Qadri & Ateeb Hamdan & Veena Raj & Muhsan Ehsan & Norazanita Shamsuddin & Mohammed Hail Hakimi & Khairul Azlan Mustapha, 2023. "Assessment of Land Surface Temperature from the Indian Cities of Ranchi and Dhanbad during COVID-19 Lockdown: Implications on the Urban Climatology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-23, August.
    19. Shuo Li, 2021. "Legal Instruments for the Integration and Cooperation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA): Better Implementation of the SDGs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-18, November.
    20. Zhicheng Gao & Rongjin Wan & Qian Ye & Weiguo Fan & Shihui Guo & Sergio Ulgiati & Xiaobin Dong, 2020. "Typhoon Disaster Risk Assessment Based on Emergy Theory: A Case Study of Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-15, May.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:11:p:6374-:d:568516. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.