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Urban Heat Island and Environmental Degradation Analysis Utilizing a Remote Sensing Technique in Rapidly Urbanizing South Asian Cities

Author

Listed:
  • Md Tanvir Miah

    (Urban and Rural Planning Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh)

  • Jannatun Nahar Fariha

    (Urban and Rural Planning Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh)

  • Pankaj Kanti Jodder

    (Department of Earth, Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28213, USA)

  • Abdulla Al Kafy

    (Department of Geography & the Environment, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA)

  • Raiyan Raiyan

    (Urban and Rural Planning Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh)

  • Salima Ahamed Usha

    (Urban and Rural Planning Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh)

  • Juvair Hossan

    (Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh)

  • Khan Rubayet Rahaman

    (Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, St. Mary’s University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada)

Abstract

Rapid urbanization in South Asian cities has triggered significant changes in land use and land cover (LULC), degrading natural biophysical components and intensifying urban heat islands (UHIs). This study investigated the impact of LULC changes on land surface temperature (LST) and the role of biophysical indicators in enhancing urban resilience to thermal extremes. We used Landsat satellite imageries from 1993 to 2023, conducted a comprehensive analysis of LULC changes, and estimated LST variations at 6-year intervals in the Dhaka, Gazipur, and Narayanganj districts in Bangladesh. Afterward, we performed statistical analysis upon employing correlation, regression, and principal component analysis (PCA) techniques to summarize information. The results reveal that 339.13 km 2 worth of urban expansion has occurred in last 30 years, with an average annual growth rate of 3.5%, accompanied by a substantial reduction in water bodies (−139.17 km 2 ) and vegetation cover. Consequently, summer temperatures exceeded approximately 36.52 °C in dense urban areas. Also, the results highlighted the strong influence of built-up areas (BSI and SAVI) on LST, while vegetation (NDVI) and water indices (NDWI) exhibited a negative association. The findings emphasize the urgency of integrating green infrastructure and deploying sustainable urban planning policies to mitigate the potential adverse impacts of scattered urbanization in the face of climate change.

Suggested Citation

  • Md Tanvir Miah & Jannatun Nahar Fariha & Pankaj Kanti Jodder & Abdulla Al Kafy & Raiyan Raiyan & Salima Ahamed Usha & Juvair Hossan & Khan Rubayet Rahaman, 2024. "Urban Heat Island and Environmental Degradation Analysis Utilizing a Remote Sensing Technique in Rapidly Urbanizing South Asian Cities," World, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-31, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jworld:v:5:y:2024:i:4:p:52-1053:d:1509458
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. de Mast, Jeroen, 2007. "Agreement and Kappa-Type Indices," The American Statistician, American Statistical Association, vol. 61, pages 148-153, May.
    2. Patrick J. Heagerty & Thomas Lumley & Margaret S. Pepe, 2000. "Time-Dependent ROC Curves for Censored Survival Data and a Diagnostic Marker," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 56(2), pages 337-344, June.
    3. Abdullah Addas, 2023. "Understanding the Relationship between Urban Biophysical Composition and Land Surface Temperature in a Hot Desert Megacity (Saudi Arabia)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-16, March.
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    1. Jecar Tedera Dadole & Kristine Sanchez Companion & Elizabeth Edan Albiento & Raquel Masalig, 2025. "Multitemporal Analysis of Urban Heat Island Dynamics in Response to Land-Use/Land-Cover (LULC) Changes in Bukidnon Province, Philippines (2017–2024)," World, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-21, April.

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