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Asymmetric Industrial Reorganisation and Adaptive Misallocation Post Disasters

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  • Maha Rehman

    (Cornell University)

Abstract

This paper presents evidence on how firms adapted following the 2005 Pakistan earthquake, with a particular focus on the vulnerabilities that drove differential impact and the expectation of minimal government aid shaping firm behavior. Using a difference-in-difference methodology on a nationally representative panel of 390 firms, this paper explores three key dimensions: the immediate disruption, short-term adaptation, and long-term resilience. The seismic shock damaged stock and reduced sales asymmetrically. Fragile intermediaries, firms with moderate capital-labor ratios, experienced pronounced declines in sales, while labor-intensive firms, besides highly capital intensive firms demonstrated greater resilience. Firms prioritised skilled labor retention, reducing non-production roles, increasing operational hours, and diversifying across markets. There was no evidence of innovation. Building on these findings, this paper develops a theoretical model showcasing how adaptive misallocation, where firms over-invest in short-term adaptive measures such as increased reliance on backup infrastructure, driven by expectations of minimal government aid, diverts resources away from productivity, erodes public-private trust, and ultimately undermines resilience.

Suggested Citation

  • Maha Rehman, 2025. "Asymmetric Industrial Reorganisation and Adaptive Misallocation Post Disasters," Economics of Disasters and Climate Change, Springer, vol. 9(2), pages 289-335, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:ediscc:v:9:y:2025:i:2:d:10.1007_s41885-025-00170-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s41885-025-00170-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Earthquake; Firms; Adaptation; Pakistan; Natural disasters; Manufacturing;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H84 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - Disaster Aid
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O14 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
    • O53 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Asia including Middle East
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes

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