IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0310950.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Analysis of financial convergence between the BRICS and OECD countries

Author

Listed:
  • Nasim Iranmanesh

Abstract

Financial convergence is a process for establishing a relationship among the financial markets of different countries; as a result of such process the rates of similar financial assets in different markets and countries become very close to each other. Some factors might create financial convergence. of which the trade and international capital flows among countries, the presence of banks and other financial institutions in the international arena, the availability of clear and accurate information of markets and financial organizations, and the existence of similar infrastructure and their characteristics from economic, legal and cultural perspectives can be mentioned. The issue of financial convergence with the aim of achieving global financial markets and taking advantage of its capabilities and characteristics would be very important for all countries, especially the emerging countries. This study examines financial convergence in the money and capital markets of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and BRICS countries in the period of 2007–2020. The study utilizes the Panel Convergence Methodology and Cluster Analysis (Philips and Sul methodology) along with a clustering algorithm. The findings indicate a lack of overall convergence between OECD and BRICS countries in both financial markets (money and capital) this is due to the lack of similar economic infrastructure, differences in the size of the economy, and variations in trade, financial and monetary freedom indicators, trade relations, and capital transfers. The cluster test in the money market confirms the existence of 3 convergence clubs among the studied countries. The convergence of emerging BRICS countries in the money market, with a large number of OECD developed countries, is a confirmation of the development of their banking sector in the recent years. On the other hand, the capital market survey also shows the presence of 5 convergence clubs between OECD and BRICS countries. Besides, it’s been shown that South Africa, along with Lithuania, Turkey, Slovakia and Latvia, has established a divergent group.

Suggested Citation

  • Nasim Iranmanesh, 2025. "Analysis of financial convergence between the BRICS and OECD countries," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 20(2), pages 1-53, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0310950
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310950
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0310950
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0310950&type=printable
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1371/journal.pone.0310950?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Campbell, John Y & Hamao, Yasushi, 1992. "Predictable Stock Returns in the United States and Japan: A Study of Long-Term Capital Market Integration," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 47(1), pages 43-69, March.
    2. Apergis, Nicholas & Christou, Christina & Miller, Stephen M., 2014. "Country and industry convergence of equity markets: International evidence from club convergence and clustering," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 36-58.
    3. Bernard, Andrew B & Jones, Charles I, 1996. "Productivity across Industries and Countries: Time Series Theory and Evidence," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 78(1), pages 135-146, February.
    4. Dilara Kilinc & Unal Seven & Hakan Yetkiner, 2017. "Financial development convergence : New evidence for the EU," Central Bank Review, Research and Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, vol. 17(2), pages 47-54.
    5. Ehigiamusoe, Kizito Uyi & Lean, Hooi Hooi, 2019. "Do economic and financial integration stimulate economic growth? A critical survey," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 13, pages 1-27.
    6. Niţoi, Mihai & Pochea, Maria Miruna, 2016. "Testing financial markets convergence in Central and Eastern Europe: A non-linear single factor model," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 323-334.
    7. Bernard, Andrew B. & Durlauf, Steven N., 1996. "Interpreting tests of the convergence hypothesis," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 71(1-2), pages 161-173.
    8. Sanda Gabriel, Enea Constanta, 2012. "Risks And Responsibilities Between Buyer And Seller In International Relations In Context Of Economic Integration. Ways Of Sharing In The Multinational Companies," Annals - Economy Series, Constantin Brancusi University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 1, pages 205-209, March.
    9. Herrmann, Sabine & Winkler, Adalbert, 2009. "Real convergence, financial markets, and the current account - Emerging Europe versus emerging Asia," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 100-123, August.
    10. Mr. Luc Eyraud & Ms. Diva Singh & Mr. Bennett W Sutton, 2017. "Benefits of Global and Regional Financial Integration in Latin America," IMF Working Papers 2017/001, International Monetary Fund.
    11. Alberto Alesina & Dani Rodrik, 1994. "Distributive Politics and Economic Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 109(2), pages 465-490.
    12. Guglielmo Maria Caporale & Kefei You, 2017. "Stock Market Integration in Asia: Global or Regional? Evidence from Industry Level Panel Convergence Tests," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1669, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    13. Hoffmann, Peter & Kremer, Manfred & Zaharia, Sonia, 2020. "Financial integration in Europe through the lens of composite indicators," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    14. Bekaert, Geert & Harvey, Campbell R, 1995. "Time-Varying World Market Integration," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 50(2), pages 403-444, June.
    15. Bernard, Andrew B & Durlauf, Steven N, 1995. "Convergence in International Output," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 10(2), pages 97-108, April-Jun.
    16. Michael B Devereux & Changhua Yu, 2020. "International Financial Integration and Crisis Contagion," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 87(3), pages 1174-1212.
    17. Steven Poelhekke, 2016. "Financial Globalization and Foreign Direct Investment," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 16-098/VIII, Tinbergen Institute.
    18. Duc Hong Vo & Anh The Vo & Chi Minh Ho, 2020. "Does Financial Integration Enhance Economic Growth in China?," Economies, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-18, August.
    19. Michał Fronc & Piotr Mielus, 2017. "Financial convergence on emerging markets: the case of CEE countries," Bank i Kredyt, Narodowy Bank Polski, vol. 48(2), pages 149-172.
    20. Quah, D., 1990. "Galton'S Fallacy And The Tests Of The Convergence Hypothesis," Working papers 552, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics.
    21. Eberhard-Ruiz, Andreas & Moradi, Alexander, 2019. "Regional market integration in East Africa: Local but no regional effects?," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 255-268.
    22. Nihal Bayraktar, 2014. "Measuring relative development level of stock markets: Capacity and effort of countries," Borsa Istanbul Review, Research and Business Development Department, Borsa Istanbul, vol. 14(2), pages 74-95, June.
    23. Akbari, Amir & Ng, Lilian & Solnik, Bruno, 2020. "Emerging Markets Are Catching Up: Economic or Financial Integration? - CORRIGENDUM," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 55(7), pages 2429-2429, November.
    24. Fung, Michael K., 2009. "Financial development and economic growth: Convergence or divergence?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 56-67, February.
    25. repec:oup:qjecon:v:109:y:1994:i:2:p:465-90 is not listed on IDEAS
    26. Alesina, Alberto & Perotti, Roberto, 1994. "The Political Economy of Growth: A Critical Survey of the Recent Literature," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 8(3), pages 351-371, September.
    27. Akinsomi, Omokolade & Coskun, Yener & Gil-Alana, Luis A. & Yaya, OlaOluwa S, 2018. "Is there convergence between the BRICS and International REIT Markets?," MPRA Paper 88756, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    28. Shiqi Lyu & Zexian Chen & Simei Pan & Lianhua Liu, 2023. "Market integration and economic growth," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(11), pages 1-23, November.
    29. Kerkemeier, Marco & Kruse-Becher, Robinson, 2022. "Join the club! Dynamics of global ESG indices convergence," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    30. Zhengrong Yang & Prince Asare Vitenu-Sackey & Lizhong Hao & Yuqi Tao, 2023. "Economic freedom, inclusive growth, and financial development: A heterogeneous panel analysis of developing countries," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(7), pages 1-20, July.
    31. Akbari, Amir & Ng, Lilian & Solnik, Bruno, 2020. "Emerging Markets Are Catching Up: Economic or Financial Integration?," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 55(7), pages 2270-2303, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fegheh Majidi , Ali & Mohammadi , Ahmad & Nanvay Sabegh , Behnaz, 2017. "An Investigation of Convergence Hypothesis of Price Index in Asian Stock Markets," Journal of Money and Economy, Monetary and Banking Research Institute, Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, vol. 12(1), pages 73-88, January.
    2. Donadelli, M. & Gufler, I. & Paradiso, A., 2024. "Financial market integration: A complex and controversial journey," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    3. Cheong, Tsun Se & Wu, Yanrui, 2018. "Convergence and transitional dynamics of China's industrial output: A county-level study using a new framework of distribution dynamics analysis," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 125-138.
    4. Niţoi, Mihai & Pochea, Maria Miruna, 2016. "Testing financial markets convergence in Central and Eastern Europe: A non-linear single factor model," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 323-334.
    5. Sarno, Lucio, 1999. "Stochastic growth: Empirical evidence from the G7 countries," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 21(4), pages 691-712.
    6. Guetat, Imene & Serranito, Francisco, 2007. "Income convergence within the MENA countries: A panel unit root approach," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 46(5), pages 685-706, February.
    7. Sergio Rey & Brett Montouri, 1999. "US Regional Income Convergence: A Spatial Econometric Perspective," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(2), pages 143-156.
    8. Cameron, Gavin & Proudman, James & Redding, Stephen, 2005. "Technological convergence, R&D, trade and productivity growth," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 49(3), pages 775-807, April.
    9. G. Urga & P. A. Geroski & S. Lazarova & C. F. Walters, 2003. "Are differences in firm size transitory or permanent?," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 18(1), pages 47-59.
    10. Korap, Levent, 2010. "OECD ülkeleri için ekonomik yakınsama öngörüsünün zaman serisi panel birim kök yöntemleri ile sınanması [An essay upon testing economic convergence hypothesis with time series panel unit root metho," MPRA Paper 29644, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Mateusz Tomal, 2024. "A review of Phillips‐Sul approach‐based club convergence tests," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(3), pages 899-930, July.
    12. Heshmati, Almas, 2004. "Growth, Inequality and Poverty Relationships," IZA Discussion Papers 1338, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    13. Dirk Frantzen, 2004. "Technological Diffusion and Productivity Convergence: A Study for Manufacturing in the OECD," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 71(2), pages 352-376, October.
    14. Estrin, Saul & Lazarova, Stepana & Urga, Giovanni, 2001. "Convergence in Transition Countries--Focus on Investment: Central and Eastern Europe, 1970-1996," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 34(3), pages 215-230.
    15. Cassetta, Ernesto & Nava, Consuelo R. & Zoia, Maria Grazia, 2022. "EU electricity market integration and cross-country convergence in residential and industrial end-user prices," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    16. Nicholas Apergis & Christina Christou & Rangan Gupta & Stephen M. Miller, 2018. "Convergence in Income Inequality: Further Evidence from the Club Clustering Methodology across States in the U.S," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 24(2), pages 147-161, May.
    17. Vos, Rob & Frenkel, Roberto & Ocampo, José Antonio & Palma, José Gabriel & Marfán, Manuel & Ros, Jaime & Taylor, Lance & Correa, Nelson & Cimoli, Mario, 2005. "Beyond Reforms: Structural Dynamics and Macroeconomic Vulnerability," IDB Publications (Books), Inter-American Development Bank, number 347.
    18. Michelacci, Claudio & Zaffaroni, Paolo, 2000. "(Fractional) beta convergence," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 129-153, February.
    19. Cristina Brasili & Luciano Gutierrez, 2004. "Regional convergence across European Union," Development and Comp Systems 0402002, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Steven N. Durlauf & Andros Kourtellos & Chih Ming Tan, 2008. "Empirics of Growth and Development," Chapters, in: Amitava Krishna Dutt & Jaime Ros (ed.), International Handbook of Development Economics, Volumes 1 & 2, volume 0, chapter 3, Edward Elgar Publishing.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0310950. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: plosone (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.