IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i1p424-d475229.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

International Trade in Transport Services between Poland and the European Union

Author

Listed:
  • Agnieszka Malkowska

    (Institute of Management, University of Szczecin, Cukrowa 8, 71-004 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Arkadiusz Malkowski

    (Faculty of Economics, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland)

Abstract

The structure of international trade in today’s global economy is undergoing transformation. The increase in the importance of services is a clear trend. In Polish foreign trade with the European Union countries, it is transport services that to the greatest extent create the trade surplus. These services significantly affect the environment, which makes it necessary to take measures aimed at the implementation of the green transport principles. The aim of the study was to provide a detailed description of transport services in Polish foreign trade with European Union (EU) countries and to assess the role of these services in Polish economy, including in terms of sustainable development. The study concerned transport services, consisting of four separate types: maritime transport, air transport, other transport services (except maritime and air) and postal and courier services. The time span of the study was 2010–2018. The latest secondary data from the official statistics of the National Bank of Poland and the Central Statistical Office were used for the purpose of the analysis. The research methods included: critical analysis of the source literature, analysis of secondary data (desk-research) and graphic methods (tables and diagrams), by means of which the results of the study were presented. The conclusions drawn are inductive and deductive in nature. The article describes in detail Polish trade in transport services with EU countries. It focuses on export, import and balance. The role of the examined services in foreign trade and Polish economy was assessed based on the analysis of the structure of export and import and the rate of export and import, geographical orientation of trade, as well as the activity of enterprises from the transport service sector, registered in Poland, including joint ventures. Research has shown that between 2010 and 2018 Polish export and import of transport services as part of trade relations with EU countries increased considerably. The conducted research indicates that transport services are a crucial element of Polish trade. The role of EU countries in the Polish trade in transport services was recognised as significant and growing. This has a positive impact on the country’s economy. The increasing role of road transport in the structure of the Polish trade indicates that Polish entities providing transport services are thriving in this demanding market. However, the analysis of the source literature indicated changes in the preferences of consumers, who increasingly often expect the implementation of sustainable development principles in the distribution of goods. Green marketing or green transport are concepts more and more frequently used to gain competitive advantage in the market. The transport sector in Poland is facing a major trend towards the implementation of sustainable development principles. In order to maintain sales growth internationally, the entities will have to implement sustainable development principles.

Suggested Citation

  • Agnieszka Malkowska & Arkadiusz Malkowski, 2021. "International Trade in Transport Services between Poland and the European Union," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:424-:d:475229
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/1/424/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/1/424/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Paulus T. Aditjandra & Thomas H. Zunder & Dewan Md Zahurul Islam & Roberto Palacin, 2016. "Green Rail Transportation: Improving Rail Freight to Support Green Corridors," International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, in: Harilaos N. Psaraftis (ed.), Green Transportation Logistics, edition 127, chapter 0, pages 413-454, Springer.
    2. Marc Lavoie, 2014. "Post-Keynesian Economics: New Foundations," Post-Print hal-01343652, HAL.
    3. Marchau, Vincent & Walker, Warren & van Duin, Ron, 2008. "An adaptive approach to implementing innovative urban transport solutions," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 405-412, November.
    4. Yousaf Ali & Claudio Socci & Rosita Pretaroli & Francesca Severini, 2018. "Economic and environmental impact of transport sector on Europe economy," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 2(2), pages 361-397, August.
    5. Ribau, João P. & Silva, Carla M. & Sousa, João M.C., 2014. "Efficiency, cost and life cycle CO2 optimization of fuel cell hybrid and plug-in hybrid urban buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 320-335.
    6. Andrés Zahler & Leonardo Iacovone & Aaditya Mattoo, 2014. "Trade and Innovation in Services: Evidence from a Developing Economy," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(7), pages 953-979, July.
    7. Head, Keith & Mayer, Thierry & Ries, John, 2009. "How remote is the offshoring threat?," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 53(4), pages 429-444, May.
    8. Siche, J.R. & Agostinho, F. & Ortega, E. & Romeiro, A., 2008. "Sustainability of nations by indices: Comparative study between environmental sustainability index, ecological footprint and the emergy performance indices," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(4), pages 628-637, July.
    9. Atkinson,Anthony Barnes & Micklewright,John, 1992. "Economic Transformation in Eastern Europe and the Distribution of Income," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521433297, January.
    10. Bernard Hoekman & Aaditya Mattoo & André Sapir, 2007. "The political economy of services trade liberalization: a case for international regulatory cooperation?," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 23(3), pages 367-391, Autumn.
    11. Maria Bas, 2014. "Does services liberalization affect manufacturing firms’ export performance? Evidence from India," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-01297201, HAL.
    12. Goldman, Todd & Gorham, Roger, 2006. "Sustainable urban transport: Four innovative directions," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 261-273.
    13. Baldwin, Richard, 1993. "The Potential for Trade Between the Countries of EFTA and Central and Eastern Europe," CEPR Discussion Papers 853, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    14. Andreeva, Andriyana & Danev, Vladimir, 2018. "Установяване на качество на стокa в производството по предявена рекламация [Establishment of the quality of merchandise in the procedure of claimed reclamation]," MPRA Paper 92820, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Roza, Marja & Van den Bosch, Frans A.J. & Volberda, Henk W., 2011. "Offshoring strategy: Motives, functions, locations, and governance modes of small, medium-sized and large firms," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 20(3), pages 314-323, June.
    16. Anastasios Tsakalidis & Mitchell van Balen & Konstantinos Gkoumas & Ferenc Pekar, 2020. "Catalyzing Sustainable Transport Innovation through Policy Support and Monitoring: The Case of TRIMIS and the European Green Deal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-18, April.
    17. Polonsky, Michael Jay & Rosenberger, Philip III, 2001. "Reevaluating green marketing: a strategic approach," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 44(5), pages 21-30.
    18. Tim Ryley & Jaafar Elmirghani & Tom Budd & Chikage Miyoshi & Keith Mason & Richard Moxon & Imad Ahmed & Bilal Qazi & Alberto Zanni, 2013. "Sustainable Development and Airport Surface Access: The Role of Technological Innovation and Behavioral Change," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-15, April.
    19. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/10144 is not listed on IDEAS
    20. Yoshitsugu Hayashi & Kenneth Button & Peter Nijkamp (ed.), 1999. "The Environment and Transport," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 1517, June.
    21. Fukunari Kimura & Hyun-Hoon Lee, 2006. "The Gravity Equation in International Trade in Services," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 142(1), pages 92-121, April.
    22. van Veen-Groot, Danielle B. & Nijkamp, Peter, 1999. "Globalisation, transport and the environment: new perspectives for ecological economics," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 331-346, December.
    23. Head, Keith & Mayer, Thierry & Ries, John, 2009. "How remote is the offshoring threat?," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 53(4), pages 429-444, May.
    24. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/10144 is not listed on IDEAS
    25. J C J M van den Bergh & P Nijkamp, 1991. "Aggregate Dynamic Economic—Ecological Models for Sustainable Development," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 23(10), pages 1409-1428, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Anna Borucka & Sebastian Sobczuk, 2025. "Analysis of the Relationship Between Energy Consumption in Transport, Carbon Dioxide Emissions and State Revenues: The Case of Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-28, April.
    2. Katarzyna Cheba & Iwona Bąk, 2021. "Environmental Production Efficiency in the European Union Countries as a Tool for the Implementation of Goal 7 of the 2030 Agenda," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-19, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shahbaz Nasir & Kaliappa Kalirajan, 2016. "Information and Communication Technology-Enabled Modern Services Export Performances of Asian Economies," Asian Development Review, MIT Press, vol. 33(1), pages 1-27, March.
    2. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm & Iyer, Harish, 2018. "Does bridging the Internet Access Divide contribute to enhancing countries' integration into the global trade in services markets?," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 61-77.
    3. Luke Milsom & Vladimír Pažitka & Isabelle Roland & Dariusz Wójcik, 2023. "The gravity of syndication ties in international equity underwriting," Bank of England working papers 1021, Bank of England.
    4. Matthieu Crozet & Emmanuel Milet & Daniel Mirza, 2013. "The Discriminatory Effect of Domestic Regulations on International Trade in Services: Evidence from Firm-Level Data," Post-Print halshs-00801398, HAL.
    5. Milena Kern & Jörg Paetzold & Hannes Winner, 2021. "Cutting red tape for trade in services," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(10), pages 2858-2886, October.
    6. Crozet, Matthieu & Milet, Emmanuel & Mirza, Daniel, 2016. "The impact of domestic regulations on international trade in services: Evidence from firm-level data," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(3), pages 585-607.
    7. Das, Satya P. & Sant’Anna, Vinicios P., 2023. "Determinants of bilateral trade in manufacturing and services: A unified approach," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    8. Eppinger, Peter S., 2019. "Service offshoring and firm employment," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 209-228.
    9. Egger, Peter & Larch, Mario & Staub, Kevin E, 2012. "Trade Preferences and Bilateral Trade in Goods and Services: A Structural Approach," CEPR Discussion Papers 9051, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    10. Kiyoyasu Tanaka, 2015. "Firm Heterogeneity and FDI in Distribution Services," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(8), pages 1295-1311, August.
    11. Bojkovic, Natasa & Anic, Ivan & Pejcic-Tarle, Snezana, 2010. "One solution for cross-country transport-sustainability evaluation using a modified ELECTRE method," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(5), pages 1176-1186, March.
    12. Peter H. Egger & Joseph Francois & Douglas R. Nelson, 2017. "The Role of Goods-Trade Networks for Services-Trade Volume," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(3), pages 532-543, March.
    13. Breinlich, Holger & Criscuolo, Chiara, 2011. "International trade in services: A portrait of importers and exporters," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(2), pages 188-206, July.
    14. Julien Gooris & Cristina Mitaritonna, 2015. "Which import restrictions matter for trade in services ?," Working Papers 2015-33, CEPII research center.
    15. Erik Marel & Ben Shepherd, 2013. "Services Trade, Regulation and Regional Integration: Evidence from Sectoral Data," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(11), pages 1393-1405, November.
    16. Benedikt Herz & Xosé-Luís Varela-Irimia, 2020. "Border effects in European public procurement [Information costs and home bias: an analysis of US holdings of foreign equities]," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 20(6), pages 1359-1405.
    17. Shahbaz Nasir & Kaliappa Kalirajan, 2013. "Export Performance of South and East Asia in Modern Services," ASARC Working Papers 2013-07, The Australian National University, Australia South Asia Research Centre.
    18. Tamar Khachaturian & Sarah Oliver, 2023. "Intangible trade: Understanding the relationship between trade barriers and mode of supply in services sectors," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(5), pages 1189-1234, May.
    19. Łukasz Matuszczak, 2019. "Międzynarodowy handel usługami polskich przedsiębiorstw," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 1, pages 47-67.
    20. Zongo, Amara, 2020. "The Impact of Services Trade Restrictiveness on Food Trade," MPRA Paper 101658, University Library of Munich, Germany.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:424-:d:475229. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.