Does Public Infrastructure Breed Consumption Downgrade and Overcapacity in China? A DSGE Approach on Macroeconomic Effects

As the most influential emerging and developing country in Asia, China has attached great importance to the construction of infrastructural facilities, laying stress on its pivotal role in sustainable growth. Recently, however, a pessimistic mood about the term “consumption downgrade” continues to emerge, ascribing the dip in people’s disposable income to real estate bubbles stemming from too much government infrastructure spending. This paper collects empirical evidence, develops a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) framework, regards Productive Government Expenditure (PGE) as a critical endogenous variable, and investigates thoroughly its overall effects on key indicators concerning economic growth and sustainable development. Results show that household consumption indeed responds directly and negatively confronting a sudden increase of public infrastructure investment in China, yet aggregate output is instead boosted. On top of that, productive capacity does not present a supposed reduction, but a promotion under the PGE shock. These findings indicate that so-called “consumption downgrade” delivers the wrong message of weak productivity; capacity utilization is in essence improved by vigorous government support for infrastructure construction, which ultimately benefits continuously-stable social sustainability in the long term.