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Effect of Loads and Other Key Factors on Oil-Transformer Ageing: Sustainability Benefits and Challenges

Author

Listed:
  • Radu Godina

    (University of Beira Interior, R. Fonte do Lameiro, Covilha 6201-001, Portugal)

  • Eduardo M. G. Rodrigues

    (University of Beira Interior, R. Fonte do Lameiro, Covilha 6201-001, Portugal)

  • João C. O. Matias

    (University of Beira Interior, R. Fonte do Lameiro, Covilha 6201-001, Portugal)

  • João P. S. Catalão

    (University of Beira Interior, R. Fonte do Lameiro, Covilha 6201-001, Portugal
    Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
    INESC-ID, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal)

Abstract

Transformers are one of the more expensive pieces of equipment found in a distribution network. The transformer’s role has not changed over the last decades. With simple construction and at the same time mechanically robust, they offer long term service that on average can reach half a century. Today, with the ongoing trend to supply a growing number of non-linear loads along with the notion of distributed generation (DG), a new challenge has arisen in terms of transformer sustainability, with one of the possible consequences being accelerated ageing. In this paper we carefully review the existing studies in the literature of the effect of loads and other key factors on oil-transformer ageing. The state-of-the-art is reviewed, each factor is analysed in detail, and in the end a smart transformer protection method is sought in order to monitor and protect it from upcoming challenges.

Suggested Citation

  • Radu Godina & Eduardo M. G. Rodrigues & João C. O. Matias & João P. S. Catalão, 2015. "Effect of Loads and Other Key Factors on Oil-Transformer Ageing: Sustainability Benefits and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-40, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:8:y:2015:i:10:p:12147-12186:d:57826
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Gang Liu & Zhi Zheng & Dongwei Yuan & Lin Li & Weige Wu, 2018. "Simulation of Fluid-Thermal Field in Oil-Immersed Transformer Winding Based on Dimensionless Least-Squares and Upwind Finite Element Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-17, September.
    3. Maurizio Fantauzzi & Davide Lauria & Fabio Mottola & Daniela Proto, 2021. "Estimating Wind Farm Transformers Rating through Lifetime Characterization Based on Stochastic Modeling of Wind Power," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-16, March.
    4. Lefeng Cheng & Tao Yu & Guoping Wang & Bo Yang & Lv Zhou, 2018. "Hot Spot Temperature and Grey Target Theory-Based Dynamic Modelling for Reliability Assessment of Transformer Oil-Paper Insulation Systems: A Practical Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-26, January.
    5. Jiefeng Liu & Hanbo Zheng & Yiyi Zhang & Hua Wei & Ruijin Liao, 2017. "Grey Relational Analysis for Insulation Condition Assessment of Power Transformers Based Upon Conventional Dielectric Response Measurement," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-16, October.
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    7. Xiaowen Wu & Ling Li & Nianguang Zhou & Ling Lu & Sheng Hu & Hao Cao & Zhiqiang He, 2018. "Diagnosis of DC Bias in Power Transformers Using Vibration Feature Extraction and a Pattern Recognition Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-20, July.
    8. Dante Ruiz-Robles & Vicente Venegas-Rebollar & Adolfo Anaya-Ruiz & Edgar L. Moreno-Goytia & Juan R. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, 2018. "Design and Prototyping Medium-Frequency Transformers Featuring a Nanocrystalline Core for DC–DC Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-17, August.
    9. Kakou D. Kouassi & Issouf Fofana & Ladji Cissé & Yazid Hadjadj & Kouba M. Lucia Yapi & K. Ambroise Diby, 2018. "Impact of Low Molecular Weight Acids on Oil Impregnated Paper Insulation Degradation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-13, June.
    10. Jun Jiang & Mingxin Zhao & Chaohai Zhang & Min Chen & Haojun Liu & Ricardo Albarracín, 2018. "Partial Discharge Analysis in High-Frequency Transformer Based on High-Frequency Current Transducer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-13, August.
    11. Xiaojun Tang & Wenjing Wang & Xuliang Zhang & Erzhen Wang & Xuanjiannan Li, 2018. "On-Line Analysis of Oil-Dissolved Gas in Power Transformers Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, November.
    12. Godina, Radu & Rodrigues, Eduardo M.G. & Matias, João C.O. & Catalão, João P.S., 2016. "Smart electric vehicle charging scheduler for overloading prevention of an industry client power distribution transformer," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 29-42.
    13. Yiyi Zhang & Jiefeng Liu & Hanbo Zheng & Hua Wei & Ruijin Liao, 2017. "Study on Quantitative Correlations between the Ageing Condition of Transformer Cellulose Insulation and the Large Time Constant Obtained from the Extended Debye Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-17, November.
    14. Nuria Novas & Alfredo Alcayde & Isabel Robalo & Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro & Francisco G. Montoya, 2020. "Energies and Its Worldwide Research," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-41, December.
    15. Ruohan Gong & Jiangjun Ruan & Jingzhou Chen & Yu Quan & Jian Wang & Cihan Duan, 2017. "Analysis and Experiment of Hot-Spot Temperature Rise of 110 kV Three-Phase Three-Limb Transformer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-12, July.
    16. Fabio Henrique Pereira & Francisco Elânio Bezerra & Shigueru Junior & Josemir Santos & Ivan Chabu & Gilberto Francisco Martha de Souza & Fábio Micerino & Silvio Ikuyo Nabeta, 2018. "Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Network Models for Prediction of Transformer Oil-Dissolved Gas Concentrations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-12, June.
    17. Feng Yang & Lin Du & Lijun Yang & Chao Wei & Youyuan Wang & Liman Ran & Peng He, 2018. "A Parameterization Approach for the Dielectric Response Model of Oil Paper Insulation Using FDS Measurements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-17, March.
    18. Alvaro Carreno & Marcelo Perez & Carlos Baier & Alex Huang & Sanjay Rajendran & Mariusz Malinowski, 2021. "Configurations, Power Topologies and Applications of Hybrid Distribution Transformers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-35, February.
    19. Aya Amer & Khaled Shaban & Ahmed Gaouda & Ahmed Massoud, 2021. "Home Energy Management System Embedded with a Multi-Objective Demand Response Optimization Model to Benefit Customers and Operators," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-19, January.
    20. Xiang Gao & C. Adam Schlosser & Eric R. Morgan, 2018. "Potential impacts of climate warming and increased summer heat stress on the electric grid: a case study for a large power transformer (LPT) in the Northeast United States," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 147(1), pages 107-118, March.
    21. Álvaro Jaramillo-Duque & Nicolás Muñoz-Galeano & José R. Ortiz-Castrillón & Jesús M. López-Lezama & Ricardo Albarracín-Sánchez, 2018. "Power Loss Minimization for Transformers Connected in Parallel with Taps Based on Power Chargeability Balance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-12, February.
    22. Bhaskar P. Rimal & Cuiyu Kong & Bikrant Poudel & Yong Wang & Pratima Shahi, 2022. "Smart Electric Vehicle Charging in the Era of Internet of Vehicles, Emerging Trends, and Open Issues," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-24, March.
    23. Liang Zou & Yongkang Guo & Han Liu & Li Zhang & Tong Zhao, 2017. "A Method of Abnormal States Detection Based on Adaptive Extraction of Transformer Vibro-Acoustic Signals," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-18, December.
    24. Piotr Przybylek, 2018. "A New Concept of Applying Methanol to Dry Cellulose Insulation at the Stage of Manufacturing a Transformer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-13, June.

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