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Challenges Ahead for Sustainable Cities: An Urban Form and Transport System Review

Author

Listed:
  • João Monteiro

    (Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment (CITTA), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal)

  • Nuno Sousa

    (Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers of Coimbra (INESCC), 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
    Department of Sciences and Technology, Universidade Aberta, 1269-001 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • João Coutinho-Rodrigues

    (Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers of Coimbra (INESCC), 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
    Department of Civil Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Eduardo Natividade-Jesus

    (Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers of Coimbra (INESCC), 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
    Department of Civil Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal)

Abstract

This article reviews the critical issues surrounding the development of sustainable urban environments, focusing on the impact of transport and urban form on energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The aim is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art on the subject and to unravel what directions the literature suggests for sustainable urban planning. Current research and practices are synthesized, highlighting the interdependence of urban design and transportation systems in achieving sustainability goals. Important dimensions and practices of city planning and transport policies are explored, including urban form, urban sprawl, mixed land use, densification and infill, and urban public spaces, and how these directly influence transport dynamics, including modal choices and energy consumption. Innovative approaches in urban planning, such as transit-oriented development, and technological advancements, such as electric mobility, are also examined and their potential roles in sustainable urban transport. The conclusion underscores the urgency of adopting holistic and adaptable strategies to foster sustainable urban environments, calling for concerted efforts from policymakers, urban planners, and communities. Awareness of the conclusions can help municipal decision-makers in planning their cities for a sustainable future. Finally, the authors analyze important directions for future research and practical applications towards developing cities that are environmentally sound, socially equitable, and economically viable.

Suggested Citation

  • João Monteiro & Nuno Sousa & João Coutinho-Rodrigues & Eduardo Natividade-Jesus, 2024. "Challenges Ahead for Sustainable Cities: An Urban Form and Transport System Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-26, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:2:p:409-:d:1318888
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    1. Nikolay Korolev, 2025. "Analytical Diagnostic and Control System of Energy and Mechanical Efficiency of Electric Drives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-18, April.

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