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The S&P500 index effect reconsidered: Evidence from overnight and intraday stock price performance and volume

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  • Kappou, Konstantina
  • Brooks, Chris
  • Ward, Charles

Abstract

This study focuses on S&P500 inclusions and deletions, examining the impact of potential overnight price adjustment after the announcement of an S&P500 index change. We find evidence of a significant overnight price change that diminishes the returns available to speculators although there are still profits available from the first day after announcement until a few days after the actual event. More importantly, observing the tick-by-tick stock price performance and volume effects on the key days during the event window for the first time, we find evidence of consistent trading patterns during trading hours. A separate analysis of NASDAQ and NYSE listed stocks allows for a detailed examination of the price and volume effect at an intra-day level. We find that index funds appear to cluster their rebalancing activities near to and after the close on the event date, suggesting that they are more concerned with tracking error than profit.

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  • Kappou, Konstantina & Brooks, Chris & Ward, Charles, 2010. "The S&P500 index effect reconsidered: Evidence from overnight and intraday stock price performance and volume," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 116-126, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbfina:v:34:y:2010:i:1:p:116-126
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    3. Konstantina Kappou & Ioannis Oikonomou, 2016. "Is There a Gold Social Seal? The Financial Effects of Additions to and Deletions from Social Stock Indices," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 133(3), pages 533-552, February.
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    5. Ernest Biktimirov & Boya Li, 2014. "Asymmetric stock price and liquidity responses to changes in the FTSE SmallCap index," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 42(1), pages 95-122, January.
    6. Stübinger, Johannes & Endres, Sylvia, 2017. "Pairs trading with a mean-reverting jump-diffusion model on high-frequency data," FAU Discussion Papers in Economics 10/2017, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Institute for Economics.
    7. Friedrich-Carl Franz, 2020. "Forecasting index changes in the German DAX family," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(2), pages 135-153, March.
    8. Tchai Tavor, 2014. "Abnormal investor response to the index effect for daily and intraday data," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 28(3), pages 281-303, August.
    9. Brooks, Chris & Kappou, Konstantina & Stevenson, Simon & Ward, Charles, 2013. "The performance effects of composition changes on sector specific stock indices: The case of European listed real estate," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 132-142.
    10. Gygax, André F. & Otchere, Isaac, 2010. "Index composition changes and the cost of incumbency," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(10), pages 2500-2509, October.
    11. Oliveira, Alexandre Silva de & Ceretta, Paulo Sergio & Albrecht, Peter, 2023. "Performance comparison of multifractal techniques and artificial neural networks in the construction of investment portfolios," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PA).
    12. Atanasov, Vladimir & Merrick, John, 2011. "Financial asset demand is elastic: Evidence from new issues of Federal Home Loan Bank debt," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 3225-3239.
    13. Johannes Stübinger & Sylvia Endres, 2018. "Pairs trading with a mean-reverting jump–diffusion model on high-frequency data," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(10), pages 1735-1751, October.
    14. Ernest N. Biktimirov & Yuanbin Xu, 2019. "Asymmetric stock price and investor awareness reactions to changes in the Nasdaq 100 index," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(2), pages 134-145, March.
    15. Nico Katzke & Charlotte van Tiddens, 2019. "FTSE/JSE Index Migration: Testing for the Index Effect in Stocks Entering and Exiting the Top 40," Working Papers 10/2019, Stellenbosch University, Department of Economics.
    16. Konstantina Kappou, 2018. "The diminished effect of index rebalances," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(4), pages 235-244, July.
    17. Amir Alizadeh & Konstantina Kappou & Dimitris Tsouknidis & Ilias Visvikis, 2014. "Liquidity Risk Premia in the International Shipping Derivatives Market," ICMA Centre Discussion Papers in Finance icma-dp2014-15, Henley Business School, University of Reading.
    18. Biktimirov, Ernest N. & Afego, Pyemo N., 2022. "Do investors value environmental sustainability? Evidence from the FTSE Environmental Opportunities 100 index," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    19. Alizadeh, Amir H. & Kappou, Konstantina & Tsouknidis, Dimitris & Visvikis, Ilias, 2015. "Liquidity effects and FFA returns in the international shipping derivatives market," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 58-75.

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    Keywords

    Index effect S&P500 Market efficiency Price pressure;

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